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  1. Figure 3. Compass diagrams displaying theoretical "net activation directions" for various muscle groups. Net activation direction suggests muscle group is most active when system center of mass is being accelerated in that direction as result of all muscles activating to directly counter (i.e., oppose) disturbance from neutral standing. Activation direction (Ø) results displayed for respective nondisabled model (solid arrow) and electromyo-graphic (broken arrow) data for following right-side (RT) muscle groups: soleus (SOL, Ø = 183°, 153° ± 13°), tibialis anterior (TA, Ø = 40°, 35° ± 11°), vastus intermedius (VAST, Ø = 181°, 46° ± 13°), semimembranosus (SEM, Ø = 286°, 222° ± 12°), adductor magnus (ADD, Ø = 234°, 207° ± 13°), gluteus maximus (GMAX, Ø = 164°, 319° ± 17°), gluteus medius (GMED, Ø = 130°,114° ± 19°), erector spinae (ES, Ø = 75°, 41° ± 12°). Nataraj R, Audu ML, Kirsch RF, Triolo RJ. Center of mass acceleration feedback control for standing by functional neuromuscular stimulation: A simulation study. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(2):279–96.http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2010.12.0235

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