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INTRODUCTION Biochemistry

INTRODUCTION Biochemistry. An Introduction to the Chemistry of Life for Biology Students. What is Life Made of?. Everything is made up of atoms. Living things are made up of cells. Cells are made up of atoms. Atoms. Six different elements (atoms) make up 98% of all living things: Hydrogen

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INTRODUCTION Biochemistry

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  1. INTRODUCTION Biochemistry An Introduction to the Chemistry of Life for Biology Students Dr Seemal Jelani

  2. What is Life Made of? • Everything is made up of atoms. • Living things are made up of cells. • Cells are made up of atoms. Dr Seemal Jelani

  3. Atoms • Six different elements (atoms) make up 98% of all living things: • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Carbon • Nitrogen • Phosphorous • Calcium Dr Seemal Jelani

  4. Dr Seemal Jelani

  5. Molecules • Definition: A molecule is two or more atoms combined. CO2 C6H12O6 C8H10N4O2 H2O Dr Seemal Jelani

  6. Organic Chemistry • What makes Carbon Special? • Carbon atoms can bond together to form long chains and complex rings. Dr Seemal Jelani

  7. Carbon can form immensely diverse compounds, from simple to complex. Complex Molecule Simple Molecule DNA with tens of Billions of Carbon atoms Methane with 1 Carbon atom Dr Seemal Jelani

  8. Biomolecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids 4 main molecules involved in life Dr Seemal Jelani

  9. Polymers and Monomers • Biomolecules are macromolecules. • Macromolecules are Polymers made up of Monomers. Dr Seemal Jelani

  10. Monomers Macromolecule Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Monomer Monosaccharide (sugar) Hydrocarbon chains Amino acids Nucleotides Dr Seemal Jelani

  11. Carbohydrates • Made of: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms • Job: provide living things with energy • Examples: sugars and starches (corn, rice, potato, bread) Dr Seemal Jelani

  12. Lipids • Made of: long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms (with some oxygen). • Job: store energy, repel water • Examples: fats and oils (butter, cheese, oil) Dr Seemal Jelani

  13. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat Dr Seemal Jelani

  14. Proteins • Made of: Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and other atoms • Job: Many different jobs in our bodies • Examples: Enzymes, muscles, hair Dr Seemal Jelani

  15. Nucleic Acids • Made of: Phosphorous, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen atoms • Job: Store genetic information • Examples: DNA, RNA Dr Seemal Jelani

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