Events Surrounding the American Revolution

1. Events Surrounding the American Revolution 1754-1788

3. Albany Proclamation of 1763 Ohio River Valley -prohibited settlement westof the Appalachian Mountains, a region that was costly for the British to protect

4. Albany Ohio River Valley Taxes • 1764 – The Sugar Act • 1765 – The Stamp Act • 1767 – The Townshend Act • 1773 – The Tea Act • to pay costs incurred during the French and Indian War and for British troops to protect colonists.

5. Boston Albany Ohio River Valley The Boston Massacre • British troops fired on anti-British demonstrators • History Channel

6. Boston Albany Ohio River Valley Boston Tea Party"Schoolhouse Rock"“Sesame Street “

7. Boston Albany Ohio River Valley Intolerable Acts

8. First Continental Congress • all of the colonies except Georgia sent representatives—the first time most of the colonies had acted together.

9. Histeria!

10. Think like a colonist…what are you unhappy about?

11. Revolutionary War Battles

12. Warm-Up What did John Adams mean when he said, “The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760‐1775...before a drop of blood was drawn at Lexington.” Explain with specific examples what Adams was trying to say with this quote.

13. Differences Amongst the Colonists • Patriots • Believed in complete independence from Britain • Inspired by the ideas of Locke and Paine and the words of Virginian Patrick Henry (―Give me liberty, or give me death!) • Provided the troops for the American Army, led by Virginian George Washington

14. Loyalists (Tories) • Remained loyal to Britain because of cultural and economic ties • Believed that taxation of the colonies was justified to pay for British troops to protectAmerican settlers from Indian attacks

15. Nuetrals • The many colonists who tried to stay as uninvolved in the war as possible

16. What are they? Colonist B is a wealthy woman from New York City. Her husband’s business earns tremendous wealth and honor for the family. She frequently claims to be related to several members of the House of Lords in the British Parliament. She worries about the amount of violence being committed by mobs of men called the Sons of Liberty. She and her husband fear that their wealth and their connections to Britain may cause them to be targets of the mob.

17. Colonist A is a poor farmer in the Hudson Valley of New York. Colonist A has paid no attention to the trouble brewing in the colonies. His day to day struggle to maintain his farm and family is what worries him. His problems have recently become worse; his landowner, a Loyalist, has had some financial troubles and to get himself out of his enormous debts, his landowner raised Colonist A’s rent three times in the last five months. Colonist A barely earns enough from selling his crops to pay the original rent amount and now with the raise in the rent, Colonist A will be evicted from his farm. He and his wife have six children and fear they will have nowhere to go if they are forced to leave the farm.

18. Colonist C is a wealthy tea merchant in Boston. Colonist C’s goal in life is to make money and he doesn’t care if he violates the law. Since the Townshend Acts placed a tax on tea, Colonist C has been illegally importing tea from the Dutch. His ships frequently have to hide from the British navy and British customs officials who can board his ships whenever they please. Recently he was caught smuggling in tea, but fortunately he was able to buy off the official with a large sum of money. Friends have informed Colonist C that the Royal Governor of Massachusetts has issued an arrest warrant for Colonist C, and friends advise him to go into hiding.

19. Colonist G lives close to Boston’s waterfront. He has very little money and cares little about politics. He works on docks loading and unloading the ships and at night he hangs out and plays cards in one of the many taverns along the waterfront. He has been known to spend a few nights in jail after fighting in the taverns. His toughness has caught the eye of the Sons of Liberty and for months they have been trying to recruit him. Colonist G accepted their rum and ale but refused to join the Sons of Liberty. Yesterday, Colonists G was informed that he was out of a job because the British passed a series of acts called the Intolerable Acts which closed Boston Harbor to trade

20. Lexington Concord Albany Philadelphia Lexington and Concord • War began when the Minutemenin Massachusetts fought a brief skirmish with British troops at Lexington and Concord • 1775 • British victory in Lexington, Colonial victory in Concord Ohio River Valley British victory Colonial victory

21. Lexington and Concord • 1775 • British victory in Lexington, Colonial victory in Concord • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lj6mIDzx9M&feature=related Ohio River Valley

22. Lexington Concord Bunker Hill Albany Philadelphia Ohio River Valley British victory Colonial victory Mixed Results Battle of Bunker Hill -The colonists heard from spies that the British were headed for Bunker Hill. -They set up troops on Breed’s Hill -Held off two British invasions, but not a third. -Both sides had heavy casualties -British gained control of Breed’s Hill

23. Quebec Lexington Concord Bunker Hill Albany Philadelphia Quebec Colonial General Montgomery led an attack on Canada in November 1775. The British were to strong and the Americans had to retreat. General Montgomery was killed in battle. Benedict Arnold was wounded, but did not receive the recognition he thought he deserved. He betrayed the Americans and helped the British. Ohio River Valley British victory Colonial victory Mixed Results

24. The Declaration of Independence • The eventual draft of the Declaration of Independence, authored by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, reflected the ideas of Locke and Paine. • Jefferson then went on to detail many of the grievances against the King of England that Paine had earlier described in Common Sense.

25. Key Principles • The key principles of the Declaration of Independence increased political, social, and economic participation in the American experience over a period of time. Political participation (equality) • – Extending the franchise • – Upholding due process of law • – Providing free public education

26. Social and Economic Social participation (liberty) • – Abolishing slavery • – Extending civil rights to women and other groups Economic participation (pursuit of happiness) • – Regulating the free enterprise system • – Promoting economic opportunity • – Protecting property rights

27. The Declaration of Independence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wUCCrAMF4I http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrvpZxMfKaU&feature=related JA

28. Quebec Lexington Concord Bunker Hill Albany Long Island Philadelphia Ohio River Valley British victory Colonial victory Mixed Results Battle of Long Island Both the British and the Colonists realized the strategic importance of New York. General Washington stationed his 20,000 troops on Long Island. He had to retreat against the 45,000 British troops that attacked. Washington left 3,000 men to defend Fort Washington.

29. Quebec Lexington Concord Bunker Hill Albany White Plains Long Island Philadelphia Ohio River Valley British victory Colonial victory Mixed Results Battle of White Plains General Howe pursued Washington to White Plains, where they fought. Washington was defeated and forced to retreat into New Jersey. General Howe left General Cornwallis in control of the army and forcing Washington over the Delaware River.

30. Quebec Lexington Concord Bunker Hill Albany White Plains Long Island Trenton Philadelphia Ohio River Valley British victory Colonial victory Mixed Results Battle of Trenton General Washington fled with his troops across the Delaware River. He knew colonial troops needed a victory to boost morale. Washington led his men across the snowy, icy river on December 25, 1776 and attacked the British while they slept. Over 100 British were killed and 1,000 more were taken prisoner. Not a single American was killed.

31. Quebec Saratoga Lexington Concord Bunker Hill Albany White Plains Long Island Trenton Brandywine Philadelphia Ohio River Valley British victory Colonial victory Mixed Results Battle of Saratoga British General Burgoyne attacked at Saratoga and was forced to surrender. Key victory for the Colonials because the French chose to join the war.

32. Quebec Saratoga Lexington Concord Bunker Hill Albany White Plains Long Island Trenton Brandywine Philadelphia Ohio River Valley British victory Colonial victory Mixed Results Charleston Battle of Charleston After the British won Savannah, they took Charleston. General Nathanial Greene instituted guerilla warfare, an effective tactic.

33. Quebec Saratoga Lexington Concord Bunker Hill Albany White Plains Long Island Trenton Brandywine Philadelphia Ohio River Valley Yorktown British victory Colonial victory Mixed Results Charleston Battle of Yorktown The Colonials fought General Cornwallis and the British on land while the French navy held the British off in the Chesapeake Bay. Finally, in October of 1781, Cornwallis surrendered to the Americans.

34. Factors leading to colonial victory • Diplomatic and Military • Diplomatic • Benjamin Franklin negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France. • The war did not have popular support in Great Britain.

35. Military • George Washington • avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army, and his leadership kept the army together when defeat seemed inevitable. • Americans benefited from the presence of the French army and navy at the Battle of Yorktown, which ended the war with an American victory. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCWaKIqxYUI • Patriots fighting on their home turf

36. The American rebels won their independence because the British government grew tired of the struggle soon after the French agreed to help the Americans.

37. Warm-Up • Write a one sentence summary of the significance of each of the following events. • Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre, Tea Act, Quartering Act, and Boston Tea Party. •  This should result in 6 sentences.

40. More Power State State State State Federal Government Federal Government State State State Less Power State State State The Articles of Confederation The United States Government Today

42. Shay’s Rebellion - 1787 • Massachusetts • Farmers • Federal government under the Articles of Confederation could NOT stop the rebellion! • Articles of Confederation need to change!

43. Outline Quiz • 1) What did the various state constitutions have in common? How were they different? (hint: under the state constitutions heading) • 2) In what way did the nation’s leaders disagree over the issue of representation? • 3) What powers did the government have and not have under the Articles of Confederation? • 4) What were some of the political and economic problems the country encountered under the Articles of Confederation?

50. This is America Charlie Brown