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Gamma astrophysics in the 50 GeV – 50 TeV domain

Gamma astrophysics in the 50 GeV – 50 TeV domain. Great results from Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs): number of VHE sources increased by more than one order of magnitude in 3 years Another factor of 3 expected with MAGIC2, HESS2 And crucial improvement in resolution

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Gamma astrophysics in the 50 GeV – 50 TeV domain

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  1. Gamma astrophysics in the 50 GeV – 50 TeV domain De Angelis, Feb 07 • Great results from Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs): number of VHE sources increased by more than one order of magnitude in 3 years • Another factor of 3 expected with MAGIC2, HESS2 • And crucial improvement in resolution • Subjects of fundamental physics become accessible, e.g. • Lorentz violation • Dark matter • Transparency of the Universe (related to WM, WL) • Another order of magnitude can be gained with CTA • And more: room for new ideas…

  2. 2003 2006 De Angelis, Feb 07 • IACT results: • From 3 VHE gamma sources in 2003, we went to ~40 in 2007 • ~100 is expected with MAGIC2, HESS2, synergy with GLAST • HESS much more successful on galactic sources, MAGIC a bit more successful in extragalactic

  3. Present IACTs: the “Big Four” Montosa Canyon, Arizona VERITAS (USA,UK1…)1: Oct ’03 2: 2006 100 m2 (4) CANGAROO III (Japan & Australia)2: Dec. ’02, 3: Early ’04 57 m2 (4) Windhoek, Namibia HESS (Germany & France)2: Sum ’02 4: Early ’04 100 m2 (4+1) Woomera, Australia De Angelis, Feb 07 MAGIC (Germany, Italy & Spain)1: Autumn ‘03236 m2 (2) Roque delos Muchachos, Canary Islands

  4. VERITAS What’s next - 1 De Angelis, Feb 07 • VERITAS • 4x 12m telescopes at Whipple site end 2007? (now operating at basecamp) True photos! MAGIC2 • MAGIC2 • Improved 17m telescope. • Faster FADCs and a high-QE camera. • First light in 2007. • HESS2 • New 28m telescope. • 2048 pixel camera. • Lower energy threshold (30 GeV?) • First light in 2008. HESS2

  5. What’s next – 2 : the Cherenkov Telescope Array De Angelis, Feb 07 And: Factor 2 better angular resolution (~0.03 deg), Energy resolution ~15%

  6. The CTA • aims to explore the sky in the 10 GeV to 100 TeV energy range • builds on demonstrated technologies (?) • combines guaranteed science with significant discovery potential • is a cornerstone towards a multi-messenger exploration of the nonthermal universe • 2 sites: N ans S hemispheres De Angelis, Feb 07

  7. Array layout: 2-3 Zones De Angelis, Feb 07 High-energy section ~0.05% area coverage Medium-energy section ~1% area coverage Low-energy section ~10% area coverage FoV increasing to 8-10 degr. in outer sections 70 m 250 m few 1000 m Eth ~ 10-20 GeV Eth ~ 50-100 GeV Eth ~ 1-2 TeV

  8. Option “off the shelf”: Mix of telescope types Modes of operation • Deep wide-band mode: all telescopes track the same source • Survey mode: staggered fields of view survey sky • Search & monitoring mode: subclusters track different sources • Narrow-band mode: halo telescopes accumulate high-energy data, core telescopes hunt pulsars … De Angelis, Feb 07 Not to scale !

  9. Telescope structure “off the shelf” (but new ideas for large-field welcome) Proven: MAGIC rapid-slewing 17 m dish (and new MAGIC, started) Cost / Dish Area Camera cost dominates Dish cost dominates 0 10 m 20 m 30 m Construction started: H.E.S.S. II 28 m dish Dish size De Angelis, Feb 07 Proven: H.E.S.S. 12 m dish

  10. Strong support from EU: European lead De Angelis, Feb 07 MAGIC VERITAS CTA involves scientists from Czech Republic Germany France Italy Ireland UK Poland Spain Switzerland Armenia South Africa Namibia from several communities astronomy & astrophysics particle physics nuclear physics about 250-300 scientists working currently in the field will be directly involved, user community significantly larger H.E.S.S.

  11. (Very optimistic) Schedule(to have a superposition w/ GLAST) De Angelis, Feb 07 FP 7 Design Study GLAST “Letter of Intent” (100 pages, physics + conceptual design) Technical proposal

  12. Tight deadlines De Angelis, Feb 07 • Working groups started meeting in June 06 • Physics: A. De Angelis and L. Drury (convenors), L. Maraschi, A. Treves, M. Persic, G. Lamanna, F. Aharonian, M. Teshima, K. Mannheim, D. Torres, G.F. Bertone, M. Punch, B. Giebels, … • MC: K. Bernloher and E. Carmona (conv.), G. Hermann, G. Lamanna, S. Nolan, C. Bigongiari, A. Moralejo, W. Rhode, … • Photon detector: T. Schweizer and P. Vincent (conv.), P. Goret, M. Punch, M. Teshima, E. Lorenz, N. Turini, INAF Palermo, … • Choice of the site: B.K. and M. Teshima (conv.), G. Vasiliades, J. Cortina, … • Mechanics and mirrors: M. Mariotti and M. Panter (conv.), Brera people, E. Lorenz, A. Biland, P. Chadwick, O. de Jager, … • DAQ and computing: A. Biland and U. Schwanke (conv.), F. Goebel, L. Drury, T. Brez, R. Paoletti, N. Turini, G. Cabras, …

  13. ~1000 sources by CTA ~3000 sources by GLAST De Angelis, Feb 07 Guess confirmed by logN-logS studies

  14. CTA - conclusions De Angelis, Feb 07 • A 100-150 MEUR FP7 project possibly going to be posted in May 2007 • Italy (INFN+INAF) weights ~ 10-15% • Mirror technology, advanced electronics, R&D for new telescope design? • Science: AGN +… (INAF), astroparticle topics (INFN): Dark Matter, Lorentz Invariance Violation, Cosmological Constants, … • Design study: ~5 MEUR now for R&D (big project re-posted in 2010 if it does not go thru?)

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