Unit 12: Adjectives and Adverbs

1. Unit 12: Adjectives and Adverbs

2. ADJECTIVES

3. Adjectives • Describes a person, place, thing, or idea • Describes only NOUNS and PRONOUNS • Gives information about: size, shape, color, texture, feeling, sound, smell, number, or condition of a noun or pronoun

4. Questions that Adjectives Answer • What kind of? • Which? • How many?

5. Examples: • "The tallgirl is riding a newbike." Tall tells us which girl we're talking about. New tells us what kind of bike we're talking about. • "The toughprofessor gave us the finalexam." Tough tells us what kind of professor we're talking about. Final tells us which exam we're talking about. • "Fifteenstudents passed the midterm exam; twelvestudents passed the final exam."Fifteen and twelve both tell us how many students; midterm and final both tell us which exam.

6. FIND THOSE ADJECTIVES! • Turn to page 458 • Exercise 1 ODD ONLY • Exercise 2 ALL

7. Add that to the Predicate • Adjectives can be anywhere. Christina’s World is a haunting painting. Adjective to noun painting • Predicate Adjectives • Remember those linking verbs??? • If an adjective follows a linking verb it is called a PREDICATE ADJECTIVE • Christina’s World is inspired.

8. Articles and Proper Adjectives • A AN THE = Articles • A and AN are indefinite articles because they refer to general people, places, things, ideas • Use A before a noun that begins with a consonant • Use AN before a noun that begins with a vowel sound. • Sounds are not spellings: an hour

9. Articles and Proper Adjectives • THE is a definite article because it refers to specific people, places, things, or ideas • PROPER ADJECTIVES • Formed from proper nouns. A proper adjective always begins with a capital letter. • The Italian statue is on exhibit in Houston museum.

10. Proper Adjectives Endings

11. Forming Proper Adjectives • Turn to page 460 • Exercise 3 EVEN • Exercise 4 EVEN

12. Comparative and Superlative • Comparative: compares two things • Superlative: compares more than two things • For most adjectives with one and some two syllable words, -er and –est are added. • Comparative: She is younger than the other. • Superlative: She is the youngest here.

13. Comparative and Superlative • For words with two or more syllables: • Add more or most • The one next to it is more colorful. • The painting is the most colorful in the group. • NEVER use more or most with words ending in –er or –est.

14. Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms

15. Your TURN: • Turn to page 462 • Independently: exercise 5 all • With partner: exercise 6 all

16. Demonstratives • THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE • They demonstrate or point out people, places, or things. • THIS and THAT Singular • THESE and THOSE Plural

17. Demonstrative Adjectives • Point out something and describe nouns by answering the questions which one? or which ones? • This that these those can also be demonstrative pronouns.

19. NEVER • NEVER use HERE or THERE with demonstrative pronouns. • This here painting is very expensive. • NEVER use THEM instead of THOSE • I saw those pictures. (not them pictures)

20. Your TURN • PAGE 464 • With partner, complete exercise 7 all • Individually, complete exercise 8 odd

21. ADVERBS

22. ADVERBS • An adverb is a word that modifies, or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb

23. Questions Adverbs Ask • How? • Many pianist play well with a large orchestra. • When? • Pianists sometimes play duets. • Where? • Some pianists play everywhere in the country.

24. If an adverb tells: to what extent? • Called INTENSIFIERS • VERY, QUITE, ALMOST, RARELY, TOO, NEVER...

25. PLACEMENT • IF an adverb modifies an adjective or adverb, it will come before it. • IF modifying a verb, the adverb can be different places.

26. What is the ending? • Many adverbs end in -ly. • Not all adverbs end in –ly.

27. Your Turn • Page 466 • Exercise 9 all: independently • Exercise 10 with partner: odd

28. Comparative and Superlative ADVERBS • Comparative form of adverbs compare two actions • Superlative form of adverbs compare more than two actions

29. Irregular Comparative and Superlative FormsSometimes, less and least are used before short and long adverbs to form the negative I play less well. I play least accurately.

30. Turn to page 468 • Exercise 11 even only with partner • Exercise 12 even only with partner

31. Using Adverbs and Adjectives • These two get confused when they follow a verb. • WHAT TO DO? • Is the verb ACTION or LINKING? • If the verb is linking, the word is a Predicate adjective. • The musicians are professional. • The musicians behaved professionally.

32. USAGE? Which word??? • Bad or badly? • Good or well? • Bad and Good are both adjectives used after linking verbs. • Badly is an adverb used after an action verb. • Well can be either.

33. WELL, GOOD, BAD • If used to describe an adjective or adverb, the word WELL is an adverb. • If used after a linking verb to describe person’s health or appearance, the word WELL is an adjective.

34. REAL, REALLY, SURE, SURELY, MOST, ALMOST • REAL, SURE, AND MOST Adjectives • Really, Surely, Almost Adverbs

35. Turn to page 470 • Exercise 13, all independently • Exercise 14, partner even

36. Double Negatives? • The adverb NOT is a negative word, expressing the idea of “no.” • Often appears as part of a contraction.

37. Negative and Affirmative

38. Negative and Affirmative • Using two negative words in the same sentence is called a double negative. • Incorrect: • The clarinet isn’t no new instrument. • Correct: • The clarinet isn’t a new instrument. • The clarinet is no new instrument.

39. Turn to page 472 • Exercise 15, independently, odd • Exercise 16, partner, odd