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Genetic Traits

Genetic Traits. Genotype: The types of the genes of an organism Phenotype: The observable characteristics of an organism Gametes: Haploid sex cells created for sexual reproduction Zygote : Diploid cell created by the fusion of sperm and egg. Genetic Traits and Vocab.

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Genetic Traits

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  1. Genetic Traits • Genotype: The types of the genes of an organism • Phenotype: The observable characteristics of an organism • Gametes:Haploid sex cells created for sexual reproduction • Zygote: Diploid cell created by the fusion of sperm and egg

  2. Genetic Traits and Vocab • Dominant Gene:A gene that can be expressed in the homozygous (2 copies) or heterozygous condition (1 copy of each). • Recessive Gene:A gene that is only expressed in the homozygous (two copies) condition. This gene can be masked by the dominant gene.

  3. Allele: Version of a gene (may be dominant or recessive) • Homozygous: The state of having two identical alleles of a particular gene (eg AA, aa). • Hybrid/Heterozygous: The state of having two different alleles of a particular gene (egAa)

  4. Mendelian Genetics: Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) • Augustinian monk, Czech Republic. • Foundation of modern genetics. • Studied segregation of traits in the garden pea (Pisum sativum) beginning in 1854. • Published his theory of inheritance in 1865. • Mendel was “rediscovered” in 1902.

  5. Some basic terminology: Generations: P = parental generation F1 = 1st filial generation, progeny (offspring) of the P generation F2 = 2nd filial generation, progeny of the F1 generation (F3 and so on) Crosses: Monohybrid cross = cross of two different true-breeding strains (homozygotes) that differ in a single trait. *Genetics etiquette - female conventionally is written first Simple Dominance Examples:

  6. Fig. 10.4, Mendel’s 7 garden pea characters.

  7. (W)Widows Peak vs. Straight (w)

  8. (E)Wet ear wax vs. Dry ear wax (e)

  9. (F)Free Earlobe vs. Attached (f)

  10. Six-digits (F)

  11. Cleft chin (C)

  12. Tongue Roll (T)

  13. Hitchhiker’s Thumb (H)

  14. Hand and Arm Crossing • Left hand clasped over right is dominant • Right arm folded over left is dominant

  15. PTC • People who have the ability to taste PTC are dominant to people who cannot • What is the benefit for having certain taste? • About 40 percent of people cannot taste/smell cyanide.

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