Disease Prevention

1. Disease Prevention

2. Special Thanks: Brian Feldhake MMCD

3. Excuse my absence:

4. Rural to Urban Conditions • Habitat varies to a slight degree across Cass County • Generally large rural areas surrounding isolated communities and some urban mosquito habitat • Extreme impact from drainage ditches and road ditches that channel water • Flood prone even in summer • Slow drainage creates problems everywhere • Culex tarsalis is the main vector species

5. Other known vectors • Most commonly identified as nuisance species, some vector potential, but can justify applications: • Culiseta inornata- WEE, SLE • Aedes trivitattus- dog hear worm • Culex pipiens/restuans

6. Control Methodologies • Adult Mosquito Surveillance & Control • Trap Collections – Vector identification • Adult Control Applications • Larval Surveillance and Pesticide Control • Standard two prong attack in high human population areas: larval and adult control – 70% : 30% • Rural – low human populations: only adult control fiscally possible • Mechanical Control • Storm Water Control Structure Construction Techniques

7. Adult Mosquito Surveillance & Control • High Human Population Areas: • Daily NJLT Trap Collections – Approx. 22 Static Locations • Weekly/Semiweekly CO2 Collections – 6 Locations (static and mobile) • Vec Test on WNV species, other disease vectors monitored and contribute to risk assessment- • Gravid traps as needed and warranted by conditions • Significant vector species counts can trigger applications of adulticide

8. Additional Adult Control • Adult Control in High Human Populations Assesment: • (Adult Culex Threshold) + (Environmental Conditions) x (Current Human Risk) = (Wide Spread “Urban” ULV Applications) or (No Adult Control Action) • WNV risk has historically been significant enough to warrant preventative barrier applications in public spaces and in wood lots

9. Larval Control Methodology • Significant overlap of site types: Multiple brood – Floodwater/Culex sites: Manmade & Artificial structures : “Standard” Culex sites: Majority of sites have flood water and standing water features including culverts, sloughs, manmade structures, and the like.

10. Larval Control Methodology • “Standard” culex larviciding principals- • 30 day residual and 180 day residual treatments • GIS data – integrate larval culex identification into breeding site attributes • often very little site trait distinction, identification of samples key for justification of residuals • Multiple brood habitat • Sites produce floodwater species initially • Water sits and stagnates providing abundant Culex tarsalis habitat – Try and mitigate with residuals • Manmade & Artificial structures- Affect most sites

11. Mechanical Control • Due to very flat terrain, below ground storm water management is highly specified within city limits. • Important to discuss mosquito with public works officials to promote or adopt these standards

12. Mechanical Control • Continued monitoring of storm control facilities that do not follow local storm sewer BMP’s is still important • Private parking lots etc. • Larval control tactics when conditions warrant • Generally populations maintained by adult applications- ULV still a major aspect of prairie programs due to economics of rural mosquito control

13. Above Ground Storm Water Mitigation • Poor • Unavoidable and necessary on a “dried” lake bed Multiple brood – Floodwater/Culex sites: Manmade & Artificial structures : “Standard” Culex sites:

14. Miles of ditches, county drains, and other water channeling structures require repeated inspection and treatment

15. Resources are unavailable to larvicide enough footprint to end adult control