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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. Why you live better than a king!. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.). A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.). A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.). A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.). A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.). A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.). A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.).

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution Why you live better than a king!

  2. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  3. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  4. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  5. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  6. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  7. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  8. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  9. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  10. A. Flashback – 1973

  11. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  12. A. Flashback – 1973

  13. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  14. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  15. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  16. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  17. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  18. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  19. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  20. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  21. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  22. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  23. A. Flashback – 1973 (cont.)

  24. B. Definition The Industrial Revolution was: the shift from making goods by hand in homes and small shops, to making them by machine in large factories.

  25. B. Definition (cont.) Domestic System

  26. B. Definition (cont.) Factory System

  27. B. Definition (cont.) • The IR began in Great Britain around 1750 in the textile industry. • By the 1800s, it had spread throughout Western Europe and overseas to places like the United States and Japan.

  28. C. Improvements in Agriculture Came First! Improved methods for growing food. More food grown by less people. Increased population.

  29. C. Improvements in Agriculture Came First! (cont.) Increased demand for goods. Improvements in manufacturing processes.

  30. D. Pre-requisites to Industrialization Why Great Britain?

  31. D. Pre-requisites to Industrialization (cont.) • Natural Resources a. Energy Water Coal

  32. D. Pre-requisites to Industrialization (cont.) 1) Natural Resources • Steel Iron Ore Coal

  33. D. Pre-requisites to Industrialization (cont.) • Natural Resources c. Raw Materials Sheep Cotton

  34. D. Pre-requisites to Industrialization (cont.) • Technology • “Know-how” • Advanced education system = research & development (R&D) = new inventions.

  35. D. Pre-requisites to Industrialization (cont.) • Labor Pool • Enclosure Movement

  36. D. Pre-requisites to Industrialization (cont.) • Incentive • Money Economy • Profit Motive • Entrepreneurs

  37. E. Living Conditions in Early Cities • Industrialization led to rapid urbanization. • Population of Manchester, England: • 1750 = 16,000 • 1855 = 455,000

  38. E. Living Conditions in Early Cities (cont.) • Overcrowded housing. • No indoor plumbing. • No electricity. • No sewer systems. • No sanitation systems. • No pollution controls.

  39. F. Working Conditions in Early Factories • 12-16 hour days. • 6 days/week. • No minimum wage. • No paid holidays/vacations. • No sick leave.

  40. F. Working Conditions in Early Factories (cont.) • No unemployment pay. • No child labor laws. • No safety standards. • No worker’s compensation. • No welfare programs.

  41. G. Should the government intervene? NO! • One of the big questions of early industrial society was: Should the government intervene in the economy to help out the working class? • Many people answered this question with an emphatic NO!

  42. Adam Smith 1723-1790 Scottish economist “Individual ambition serves the common good.”

  43. G. Should the government intervene? NO! (cont.) • 1) Adam Smith (cont.) – • Wanted a free market with no government restrictions. • Factory owners create wealth for the whole society. • They should be free to do as they please with their profits.

  44. G. Should the government intervene? NO! (cont.) • 1) Adam Smith (cont.) – • Money taken from owners and given to workers is not money productively spent. • If their actions are limited, owners will be less motivated to build and expand. • Laissez-Faire economics = “let them do as they will.”

  45. Thomas Malthus 1766-1834 English demographer “The power of population is greater than the power of the earth to sustain man.”

  46. G. Should the government intervene? NO! (cont.) • 2) Thomas Malthus (cont.) – • Studied population growth. • Population multiplies faster than the food supply. • Tragedies like malnutrition, disease, war and natural disasters help keep the population in check.

  47. G. Should the government intervene? NO! (cont.) • 2) Thomas Malthus (cont.) – • If the government helped workers, they’d live longer & have more kids. • Result would be rapid over-population and ultimately mass starvation. • This was called the “Malthusian Conclusion.”

  48. Herbert Spencer 1820-1903 English philosopher “A nation which helps its good-for-nothings will become a good-for-nothing nation.”

  49. G. Should the government intervene? NO! (cont.) • 3) Herbert Spencer (cont.) – • As Charles Darwin said it is in nature, so should it be with humans. • “Survival of the fittest” is the law of nature. • If the strong survive and the weak die off, the herd remains strong.

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