TI 2111 – Perancangan Sistem Kerja dan Ergonomi

1. TI 2111 – Perancangan Sistem Kerja dan Ergonomi Handout Mata Kuliah Lab. Perancangan Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi Institut Teknologi Bandung 2006

2. TI 2111 – Syllabus

3. TI 2111 – Course Description • Survey of Industrial Engineering methods for measuring, evaluating, and improving performance of work systems in organizations. • Introduction to Ergonomics with an emphasis on human capabilities and limitations. • Discussion of application of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics design principles to redesign workstations, work tasks, and work environments.

4. TI 2111 – Course Objectives • Describe the role of Work measurement & Ergonomics in the workplace • Conduct a methods engineering study of a particular job, including methods analysis, time studies, and work sampling studies. • Apply industrial engineering and ergonomics / human factors design principles to the analysis and redesign of an existing work station, work task, piece of equipment, work environment, etc.

5. Course Texts • Niebel B. and Freisvalds A. (2003). Methods, Standards, and Work Design, 11th ed., McGraw-Hill, Boston • Wickens C. et al., (2004). An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering, 2nd ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, London

6. Course Topics • Introduction: Definitions, historic review, motivation • Work System Design • Definitions, objectives and performance measures • Time study: methods & equipment • Performance Rating and Allowances • Standard Times • Predetermined Time Systems • Work Sampling • Ergonomics • Introduction • Visual, Auditory, Cognition • Display and Control • Biomechanics, Physiology

7. Grading (subject to change)

8. Miscl. • Regular class attendance and participation • This class is designed to allow students to apply the concepts, no one correct solution • All written assignments will be graded on the quality of the work. It is expected that each student will provide well-written and defended solutions to the problems for this class. Only legible handwriting will be graded. • If you have a dispute about a grade for any assignment or examination, provide the instructor with a written explanation no later than 1 week after the work was returned to you. I do make mistakes, so please don’t hesitate to bring them to my attention. • I will strive to make this an exciting class. I welcome your suggestions for improving the course at any time.

9. Do’s and Don’t • Do read the material before class... • Do your homework … • Ask questions … • Don’t wait till the last minute … • Don’t even think about copying others …

10. Tentative Schedule (Subject to Change)

11. 1. Introduction

12. IndustrialEngineering ? • 1948: American Institute of Industrial Engineering (AIIE) (www.iienet.org) …is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, material, information, equipment, and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skills in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. • .. .is concerned with the analysis, design, installation, control, evaluation, and improvement of socio-technical systems in a manner that protects the integrity and health of human, social, and natural ecologies. A socio-technical system can be viewed as any organization in which people, materials, information, equipment, procedures interact in an integrated fashion

13. Modern industrial organization Productivity Quality Efficiency Effectiveness Safety Comfort • Increasing competition (increased number of competitors) • Stiffer requirements for international competitiveness (i.e. ISO standards) • High sophistication in quality of products demanded by customers • …

14. “We are in a new economic age. We can no longer live with commonly accepted levels of delays, mistakes, defective materials and defective workmanship.” W. Edward Deming, 1968

15. Performance measures

16. Ways to improve performance of a work system: • Improved layout, workflow, and material handling • Training • Work simplification • Job/tools redesign • Improved work environment • Workers selection Methods Standards Work design Ergonomics

17. Work System Design (& Ergonomics) – “PSK&E” • Purpose : To increase productivity in industry, while maintaining worker health and safety thru: • Work Measurement • Methods Engineering • Continuous and repetitive process • Work measurement (e.g. Time study) • A process for measuring … • Work Methods • Systematic procedure for analyzing a given task

18. TTCK → PSK&E (Sutalaksana, 1979)

19. “PSK&E” - Objectives • Minimize times (Fig. 1.2) • Improve quality and reliability • Minimize direct and indirect material cost • Maximize the safety and well being of the workers • Increase job interest and satisfaction for the workers

20. PSK&E - Applications • Design and improvement of work methods • Establish a standard work methods and standard time • Training & Workers selection • Lay-out design • Economic analysis, costing, task evaluation • Reward & workers motivation • Production planning and control • Product design • …

21. Historical Development • The origin of time study • Frederic W. Taylor • Frank Lillian Gilbreth • Henry L. Gantt • Henry Ford • Elton Mayo

22. Frederic W. Taylor (1856-1915) • Founder of the ‘Scientific Management’ term • Emphasized on: • Increasing throughput • Reducing manufacturing costs • As a result, increasing workers’ salaries • Tools (how to do the above): • Divide the task into small elements • Separate the non-required from the required elements • Setting standards: time, quality, methods. • Specialization: training for a specific job