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Conservation Strategies

Conservation Strategies. IB Geography I. Opening Activity Barriers to Sustainable Development. Poverty Renewable Technology Population Growth Tipping Point Development Education Enforcement International Consensus Habit.

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Conservation Strategies

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  1. Conservation Strategies IB Geography I

  2. Opening ActivityBarriers to Sustainable Development • Poverty • Renewable Technology • Population Growth • Tipping Point • Development • Education • Enforcement • International Consensus • Habit Take 5 minutes to decide which of these barriers to sustainable development you think is most difficult to overcome and which is easiest to overcome and support answers with explanation.

  3. Key Questions • How can resource consumption be reduced by conservation, waste reduction, recycling and substitution? (Monday) • What strategies can be used to reduce the consumption of one resource (Chicago Case Study) (Tuesday/Wednesday)

  4. Conservation of Resources (defined) • The management of the human use of natural resources to provide the maximum benefit to current generations while maintaining capacity to meet the needs of future generations

  5. The Three R's Reduce: This refers to using less of a product e.g. less packaging, less energy.Reuse: This means using a product more than once. This might be returning it to a manufacturer e.g. coke bottles or selling/passing onto another consumer e.g. charity shops Recycling: The re-processing of industrial and household waste so that materials can be reused. Currently materials like paper, card, plastics, glass and some metals are recycled.

  6. Recycling • A lot of waste currently ends up overseas, more often than not in China. In fact demand for recyclable products is currently higher than supply there. • There are environmental and ethical issues of shipping waste overseas • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdIeUev22qM

  7. Reuse • Plastic bags • Returning wire hangers to dry-cleaners • Donating clothes and other items to charities • Repairing household items rather than buying new • Jars/containers

  8. Overfishing • A level of fishing resulting in the depletion of the fish stock

  9. Quotas • Involving agreement between countries to take only a predetermined amount of a resource • Fish quotas were introduced in the EU because many of the fish stocks in EU waters were falling below unsustainable levels. • Why We need to Transform the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uvF8B0rmEU

  10. Fishing Quotas Advantages Disadvantages Because of fishing quotas many fishermen lose their jobs Because boats have to meet quotas, many fish (dead and alive) are thrown over board. Fishing quotas can create an illegal trade (black market) in fish. • They help protect critically endangered species. • This ensures the continued biodiversity of our oceans. • Ensures that food webs and chains remain intact so that other species don't become endangered.

  11. Rationing • Very much a last resort management strategy when demand is massively out of proportion to supply • For example, people might only be allowed a very small amount of fuel and food per week

  12. Subsidy • Financial aid supplied by government to an industry for reasons of public welfare, reduces the costs for the consumers by reducing the costs for the producers • Subsidies are controversial because by making the price of a resource cheaper, demand is likely to increase which minimizes conservation efforts

  13. Recycling Deserts • Areas where rates of recycling are well below the national or regional averages

  14. Landfill vs. Incineration • A landfill is a site at which garbage/refuse is buried under layers of earth • Incineration is a waste treatment technology that involves the combustion of organic materials.

  15. Product Stewardship • A system of environmental responsibility whereby producers take back a product, recycling it as far as possible, after the customer is finished with it. • Companies that participate in Product Stewardship are: • Battery companies • Electronics companies (computers, phones, etc) • Vehicles (scrap metal, tires, parts) • Mercury containing products (thermometers, fluorescent light bulbs, medical waste)

  16. Substitution • The use of common and thus less valuable resources in place of rare, more expensive resources. • Examples: • Replacement of copper by aluminum or fiber optics • Replacement of Fossil Fuels with Renewable sources of energy

  17. Carbon Credits • Permits that allow an organization to emit a specified amount of greenhouse gases

  18. Carbon Trading • A company that does not use up the level of emissions it is entitled to, can sell the remainder of its entitlement to another company that pollutes above its entitlement.

  19. Case Study • IB possible exam question: • Evaluate a strategy at a local or national scale aimed at reducing the consumption of one resource. • To address this objective, we will focus on researching strategies Chicago is implementing to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels in transportation.

  20. Unpacking the question: • Evaluate a strategy at a local or national scale aimed at reducing the consumption of one resource. Evaluate= to make a judgment by weighing the strengths and limitations Strategy= Transportation Strategies Local= Chicago One Resource= Fossil Fuels

  21. The Resource: Fossil Fuels

  22. Framing the Problem • The release of carbon into the atmosphere can enhance the greenhouse effect, causing global warming along with associated side effects e.g. rising sea levels, climate refugees, increased frequency and magnitude of tropical storms and desertification.

  23. The Problem in Chicago • Since 1980, Chicago’s average temperature has increased approximately 2.6 degrees. • Our current trajectory poses risks to our economy and health. • The most obvious change to come could be hotter summers and more frequent and intense heat waves. • Heavy rains and snow could become more frequent in winter and spring. Increased intensity of downpours will make travel more dangerous, flood basements, pollute bodies of water, damage crops, stress the city’s infrastructure and disrupt transportation.

  24. Urban Hotspots

  25. Sources for Evaluation • “Improved Transportation Options” from Chicago Climate Action Plan • “Chicago Climate Action Plan Progress Report” • “State Hits Brakes on City Plans for protected bike lane” by Jon Hilkevitch, Chicago Tribune

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