Gilded Age – Progressive Era

1. Gilded Age – Progressive Era

2. Gilded Age • Gilded – cheap center covered w/ thin layer of gold (Mark Twain) • Gov’t followed Laissez – Faire policies • 1877-1900

3. Republican Gold based $ High Tariffs $ for Union soldiers Aid to RR Limits on Immigrants Enforce Blue Laws Democrat Silver based $ Lower Tariffs High farm prices Less aid to RR Fewer Blue Laws Political Party Differences

4. Lewes, Delaware: • It is illegal to wear pants that are “firm fitting” around the waist. Rehoboth Beach • No person shall change clothes in his or her vehicle. • No person shall pretend to sleep on a bench on the boardwalk. • Changing into or out of a bathing suit in a public restroom is prohibited. • Six-year-old girls may not run around without being fully clothed. • Alcohol may not be served in nightclubs if dancing is occurring on the premises at the same time.

5. Maine • It is illegal to stroll down the street and play a violin at the same time. • Advertisements may not be placed in cemeteries. North Carolina: • Elephants may not be used to plow cotton fields. • In cemeteries, no one may visit their departed loved ones late at night. • Women must have their bodies covered by at least 16 yards of cloth at all times. (Charlotte)

6. Rutherford Hayes Republican Ended Reconstruction Reformed Spoils System Presidents of the Gilded Age

7. James A Garfield Republican Killed by a lawyer, Charles Guiteau Presidents of the Gilded Age

9. Chester Arthur Republican Created Civil Service Commission Check qualifications Presidents of the Gilded Age

10. Grover Cleveland Democrat Gov’t control over RR Presidents of the Gilded Age

11. Benjamin Harrison Republican Sherman Anti Trust Act Country begins a Depression Presidents of the Gilded Age

12. Grover Cleveland Democrat Stops Pullman Strike Only Prez elected twice not in a row! Presidents of the Gilded Age

13. William McKinley Republican Increases US Tariffs Supported the Gold Standard Presidents of the Gilded Age

14. William McKinley Spanish – American War Annexation of Hawaii Killed during 2nd term – Leon Czolgosz Presidents of the Gilded Age

16. Progressive Era • 1890-1920 • A variety of reforms were enacted at all levels • Many Progressives believed that political action and reform were required for progress in society.

17. The Progressives: Their Goals and Beliefs Progressives were not a single unified movement. Their efforts fell into four categories: Social Reform Moral Reform Economic Reform Political Reform

18. Social Reform Government should be given expanded powers so that it could become more active in improving the lives of its citizens.

19. Social Reform Examples 1.Women’s rights • Suffrage (voting) • Owning Property • Divorce • Clothing • Birth Control

20. Women’s Reform Leaders • Susan B Anthony – activist who worked towards gaining suffrage for women • Created National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

21. Florence Kelley – activist who worked towards gaining better working conditions Women’s Reform Leaders

22. Women’s Reform Leaders • Alice Paul – radical activist who worked towards gaining suffrage for women • Created Congressional Union (CU): wanted an Amendment giving Women right to vote

23. 19th Amendment • 1919 Congress passes the 19th Amendment granting women the right to vote.

24. Social Reform Examples 2. Protection of the Environment • Antiquities Act of 1906 • Allows President to designate National Monuments • Protect and Preserve Wildlife Areas

25. Social Reform Examples 3. Tenement Life • Over Crowding of the Cities • Poor Living Conditions • Unsanitary Conditions

28. Social Reform Examples 4. Unsafe working conditions and Child Labor • Fewer Hours • Higher Wages • Safer Factories • Unions

29. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory operated on the top 3 floors of the 10 story Asch Building in New York City

30. In 1911, Unsafe working conditions lead to a deadly fire • Notice that the tallest ladders owned by the fire department only reach the 6th floor

31. Rather than burn alive in the swift moving fire, many women jump from windows

33. This is actually a photo of the building after the fire! Note how there is very little damage on the outside of the building

35. Eight months after the fire, a jury acquitted the factory owners, of any wrong doing. • Twenty-three individual civil suits were brought against the owners of the Asch building. On March 11, 1913, three years after the fire, the owners settled. They paid 75 dollars per life lost. • This tragedy led to a push for comprehensive safety and workers compensation laws.

36. Social ReformExamples 5. Safer Medicines • Restriction of Harmful Drugs • Proper Labeling • Government Approval of Future Drugs/Medicines

37. Patent Medicines • Medicines at the turn of the century did not require a prescription. • Making exaggerated claims, they were used for a variety of ailments. • Many contained dangerous ingredients.

40. Cocaine was a common ingredient – even for children's medicines

41. Notice it's from the makers of Bayer Aspirin...

42. Social Reform Examples 6. Safer Food • Government Inspection of Food • Proper Labeling • Cleanliness Have you read “The Jungle”? yuck.

43. The Jungle • Written by Upton Sinclair • Talks about the horrors of the meat packing industry

48. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 • Created Food and Drug Administration, responsibility of testing all foods and drugs destined for human consumption • The requirement for prescriptions from licensed physicians before a patient could purchase certain drugs • The requirement of label warnings on habit-forming drugs.

49. Meat Inspection Act of 1906 • All animals were required to pass an inspection by the FDA prior to slaughter • All carcasses were subject to a post-mortem inspection • Cleanliness standards were established for slaughterhouses and processing plants.

50. Social Reform Examples • Civil Rights Movement African Americans were still fighting for basic rights guaranteed them in the Constitution