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Writing a Research Paper

Writing a Research Paper. Notes. Types of Research. Primary: generating new ideas and information on your own. Ex: experiments, interviews, personal responses Secondary: gathering and analyzing the results of other people’s research Most of your research will be secondary research.

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Writing a Research Paper

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  1. Writing a Research Paper Notes

  2. Types of Research • Primary: generating new ideas and information on your own. • Ex: experiments, interviews, personal responses • Secondary: gathering and analyzing the results of other people’s research • Most of your research will be secondary research

  3. Research Process • Choosing your subject • Doing preliminary research • Limiting your subject to a specific topic • Finding an angle and writing a statement of controlling purpose • Preparing a list of possible sources (working bibliography) • Taking notes and developing a working outline

  4. Organizing your notes & making a final outline • Writing your first draft • Revising your first draft • Writing a final draft, with a complete list of Works Cited

  5. Preparing Bibliography Cards • For each source you may use or not, you need to prepare a bibliography card • 3 purposes • Helps you find the source again • Helps you prepare documentation • Helps you make your Works Cited page

  6. Bibliographic Entry -Author, title, place & date of publication, page numbers

  7. Source Note -Location of the resource

  8. Source Number -upper right hand corner -new number for each source

  9. Card catalog # -helps with relocating the source

  10. Gathering Information • Look through the resources for information relevant to the thesis or statement of controlling purpose.

  11. Taking Notes • Direct quotation: repeats the words of the source exactly. This requires quotation marks around the words. • Paraphrase: States an idea expressed in a source, but not in the same words. • Summary: A shortened statement of an idea in a source. Says the same thing in fewer and different words.

  12. When you quote, it is EXTREMELY important that you copy each letter and punctuation mark EXACTLY as it appears in the text. • For paraphrasing/summarizing, put the material in your OWN words. Do not change the source’s meaning.

  13. Give a reference page for any and all information taken from a source, except from an encyclopedia or a dictionary. • Single page: write the page # after the note. • 2 or more consecutive pages: write the 1st and the last pgs. Ex: 18-21 • Non-consecutive pgs in a periodical: write the 1st page followed by a plus sign. Ex: 76+

  14. When to use a… • Direct quotation: when the idea is especially well-stated, and when the exact wording is historically or legally significant, or if it is a definition • Paraphrase: this is your basic note form • Summary: when a passage or a source is too long to be quoted or paraphrased

  15. Preparing Bibliographic Entries

  16. Books Ruiz, Ramon Eduardo. Triumphs and Tragedy: A History of The Mexican People. New York: Norton, 1992. Last, First. Title. Place: Publisher, date. Last, First,and First Last. (Two authors) Last, First, First Last,and First Last. (Three authors) Last, First,et al. (Four + authors)

  17. No author: Title. Place: Publisher, date. Editor: Last, First, ed. Title. Place: Publisher, date. 2-3 Editors: Last, First, and First Last, eds. Title. Place: Publisher, date. 4+ editors: Last, First, et al., eds. Title. Place: Pub, date.

  18. Periodicals and Encyclopedias Smith, Shelly. “Baseball’s Forgotten Pioneers.” Sports Illustrated. 30 Mar. 1992: 72. Last, First. “Article Name.” Title. date: pgs. No author: “Article name.” Title. date: pgs.

  19. Encyclopedia: “Zuni.” Encyclopaedia Britannica: Micropaedia. 1992 ed. “Article name.” Encyclopedia name. year ed.

  20. Electronic Sources Stephan, Ed. John Steinbeck: The California Novels. 30 Sept. 1999 <http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/Steinbeck/index.html>. Last, First. Title. Date referenced <Address>. No Author: “Name of Webpage.” Main site. Date <Address>.

  21. In-Text Citation • A citation contains just enough info to help the reader locate the info from the source • After the info (quote, paraphrase, summary), in parentheses, include the author’s last name and the page #. (Morris 14). Punctuation goes after the citation.

  22. Types of Citation • Basic: (author #). • Basic with author name in text: (#). • One author, multiple works: (Author, Title #). • No author (“First alphabetized word” #). • More than one page (Nardo 104-106). • Long quotation: After the end punctuation, indent the entire quote (4+ lines)

  23. Drafting your Report • Do not use informal language. • Do not use I, me, my, mine, and our. • Do not state opinions without supporting them with facts. • Do not use slang or contractions.

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