IPv6: Internet Addresses Forever

1. IPv6: Internet Addresses Forever CICT Round Table on IPv6 and PKI Manila 16 April 2010 Paul Wilson Director General, APNIC

2. Internet Fundamentals

3. Internet fundamentals • Open network, open standards • Developed within IETF system (RFC series) • TCP/IP, DNS, DHCP, HTTP, IPSEC, etc etc • “Dumb network” – global p2p datagram service • “IP over Everything” • Layered networking model (a la OSI) • Relying on ITU and IEEE standards • Serial line, Modem, Ethernet, ISDN, xDSL, cable/fibre, MPLS, 802.11x, Mobile 2G/3G… • Platform for competition and innovation • Great benefits to consumers

4. The “Protocol Hourglass” Phone/Fax/SMS TV/VOD/conf “The Internet” Applications Voice Video Data Network Fixed, Dialup/ISDN Mobile/2G Cable/ADSL Infrastructure

5. The Hourglass – Tomorrow Voice, email, IM Video, TV, conf WWW+++ Applications Network IP 802.11*/WiMax Mobile/3G Cable/*DSL FTTH, ETTH Infrastructure

6. Broadband and Mobile • Acceleration of Internet function and growth, simultaneously • Broadband: more speed means more applications • Mobile: more devices means more applications • More applications means more demand • Separation of services from infrastructure • Vertical disintegration • Greater innovation and competition • Multiple “always-on” services per user • Huge increase in IP address requirements…

7. What is an IP address? • The Internet Protocol • Packets, addressing and routing • Two types: IPv4 and IPv6 • An IP address is a number • Every device directly connected to the Internet needs a unique IP address • IP address space is finite • Not the same as a Domain Name !

8. The Internet 202.112.0.462001:0400:: www.cernet.cn? My Computer www. cernet.cn IP Addresses vs Domain Names DNS 2001:0C00:8888:: 2001:0400::

9. IPv4 Consumption: Projection Projected IANA exhaustion: 22/09/2011 Projected RIR exhaustion: 07/07/2012 http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html 10 Apr 2010

10. The Internet ISP 61.100.0.0/16 61.100.32.0/26 (64 addresses) 61.100.32.128 (1 address) Router NAT* 61.100.32.1 ..2 ..3 ..4 10.0.0.1 ..2 ..3 ..4 *AKA home gateway, ICS, firewall… Private addresses and NAT 61.100/16 (216 addresses) 61.100.32.128 (1 address)

11. Phone Network Internet NAT PABX 61.100.32.128 02 6262 9898 10.0.0.202 Extn 202 Private addresses and NAT ?

12.  Internet The limits of NAT… NAT NAT  NAT ✗ ✗ NAT * NAT * Double NAT

13. Enter IPv6…. • Why? Just one reason: More addresses • Billions… Trillions… Gazillions…? • Suffice to say, “Enough for a long time” • The promise of ample address supply… • Simpler, faster, cheaper network • No more NAT: “Restore Internet transparency” • Better for everyone • Other benefits … • Security, QoS, autoconfiguration, etc? • Actually not new: all available in IPv4 • But all are “built-in” to IPv6

14. IP Addresses: IPv4 vs IPv6

15.  Internet No more NAT ? NAT NAT  NAT ✗ ✗ NAT * NAT * Double NAT

16. No more NAT! The IPv6 Internet

17. The Transition to IPv6 • IPv4 address exhaustion is inevitable • IANA will allocate the last /8 in Sept 2011 • The first RIR to exhaust IPv4 address pool will be APNIC in July 2012 • Even now, some IPv4 address blocks have reachability concerns, e.g. 1/8 • IPv6 should be inevitable • The only solution to IPv4 exhaustion • Protocol is 10 years old • Under a new spotlight for at least 18 months

18. How far have we come?

19. IPv4 address global distribution April 2010

20. The BGP view of IPv6 IPv6 routes 2,900 IPv4 routes 330,000 IPv6 ASNs IPv4 ASNs 2,100 34,000

21. Ratio of IPv6 to IPv4 Networks IPv6:IPv6 ASNs Measuring IPv6 Deployment by Geoff Huston, APNIC http://www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/ipv6momentum/

22. Ratio of IPv6 to IPv4 ASes “IPv6 is currently 6.0% of IPv4 in terms of ASs that announce or transit IPv6 routes. “Assuming future exponential growth of this ratio, IPv6 will be at 80% of the v4 Internet in 2018” Measuring IPv6 Deployment by Geoff Huston, APNIC http://www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/ipv6momentum/

23. Ratio of IPv6 to IPv4 traffic

24. Ratio of IPv6 to IPv4 traffic “Relative use of IPv6 has slowly increased over four years to reach around 1% today”

25. APNIC IPv6 Survey 2009 • Deployed or ready for immediate deployment? • Formal plan for future deployment? • Budgeted for future deployment?

26. APNIC IPv6 Survey 2009 If not, why not considering IPv6? n=118

27. EU Survey 2009 http://www.ipv6monitoring.eu http://www.ipv6.eu/admin/bildbank/uploads/Documents/Commision/COM_.pdf

28. OECD: Latest Report • Indicators of infrastructure readiness • Over 5.5% of networks on the Internet are IPv6-enabled (and accelerating) • At least 23% of IXPs support IPv6 • Over 90% of installed OSes are IPv6-ready (and 25% on by default) • Approx 1% of DNS names (1.5M) have IPv6 • Only 0.15% of the top 1M websites (ranked by Alexa) are IPv6 accessible • The top economies with IPv6 presence • Germany, The Netherlands, US, China and UK http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/48/51/44953210.pdf

29. What Next?

30. Sometime in 2012… • ISPs will need addresses for new network infrastructure • and will receive only IPv6 • End users will start receiving IPv6 Internet services • With or without private IPv4 addresses • Enterprises and businesses will get IPv6 for their new networks • “Customer NAT” will apply to IPv4 • All Internet users will be affected • Are you ready?

31. ISPs and Operators • Note well: One day soon, you will only get IPv6 addresses for new deployments… • Is your infrastructure ready for IPv6? • Can you deliver IPv6 service in 2012? • What is your plan for IPv4 services to your customers? None? Customer NAT? CGN? • Are your services and systems ready? • DNS, SMTP, web, mail, etc etc etc • Security, monitoring, customer admin, billing… • And by the way, do you have addresses?

32. Enterprises and content providers • One day, your customers and business partners may only have IPv6 addresses… • Will your website and services be visible via IPv6 in 2012? • Do you have an upgrade path between now and then? • Does your domain name have AAAA? • Do all your service providers, integrators and vendors have their plans in place? • Have you asked them? • And by the way, do you need addresses?

33. Others… • System integrators and consultants • Can you put all the pieces together? • Are your people trained to answer questions? • Can you help your customers with their planning? • Academics and educators • Is your institution ready for IPv6 in 2011? • Are you producing IPv6-ready graduates? • Have you upgraded your skills?

34. Governments • Do you have procurement criteria mandating IPv6 capabilities? • Are your agencies ready with IPv6? • Are your online and e-government services ready with IPv6? • Are your Internet industries up to speed? • Are you providing leadership? • What else are you doing?

35. About APNIC and our efforts

36. End user Where do IP addresses come from? Standards Allocation Allocation Assignment

37. Regional Internet Registries • Structure and operations… • Open membership-based industry bodies • Non-profit, neutral, and independent • Allocation, registration and other services • APNIC: training, infrastructure, cooperation • History… • First established in early 1990s • Voluntarily by consensus of community • To ensure responsible address management, according to technical needs • To support Internet development

38. Regional Internet Registries The Internet community established the RIRs to providefair and consistent resource distribution and accurateresource registration throughout the world.

39. Policy Development Process OPEN Need Anyone can participate Evaluate Discuss BOTTOM UP TRANSPARENT Consensus Implement Internet community proposes and approves policy All decisions & policies are documented & freely available to anyone

40. Policy Development Process • AKA “PDP” • Formally defined process(es) • Open, bottom-up, consensus-based • Participation • Members and non-members • Secretariat as equal party • Mechanism • OPM and SIGs • SIG Chair elected by participants • Global Policies • Via regional PDP, and ASO global PDP

41. Need IPv6 addresses?

42. APNIC’s Other Efforts • IPv6 compliance in all our services • ISPs, our main constituents • Training, education, supporting NOGs • Outreach on IPv6 • Enterprises and content providers • ccTLDs and their registrars • Governments • IGF and related meetings • Asia Pacific Regional IGF in HK, June 2010 • APEC TEL, ITU, OECD and others

43. In conclusion What’s the question?

44. Chicken or Egg? “Google has quietly turned on IPv6 support for its YouTube video streaming Web site, sending a spike of IPv6 traffic across the Internet…” – 1 Feb 2010 Networld • Monash University, Melbourne, Australia:

45. “What’s the Killer App for IPv6?” The Internet !

46. Remember the IPv4 revolution? • The 1990’s – a new world of… • Cheaper switching technologies • Cheaper bandwidth • Lower operational costs • The PC revolution, funded by users • The Internet boom • The dumb (= cheap) network • Technical and business innovation at the edges • Many compelling business cases for new services and innovation

47. How about an IPv6 revolution? • The 2010’s – a new world of… • Commodity Internet service provision • Broadband, mobile, always-on • Massive reduction in cost of consumer electronics • A network-ready society • An IPv6 boom? • Ubiquitous pervasive networking • Bringing online the “Next 5 Billion” • Plus a device population some 2–3 orders of magnitude larger than today’s Internet • “Internet for Everything”

48. Are You Ready? If not, start planning.

49. Thank You! pwilson@apnic.net