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Preview 8-1 Connecting ideas with and 8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or

CONTENTS. Preview 8-1 Connecting ideas with and 8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or 8-3 Connecting ideas with so 8-4 Using auxiliary verbs after but and and 8-5 Using and + too, so, either, neither 8-6 Connecting ideas with because

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Preview 8-1 Connecting ideas with and 8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or

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  1. CONTENTS. Preview 8-1 Connecting ideas with and 8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or 8-3 Connecting ideas with so 8-4 Using auxiliary verbs after but and and 8-5 Using and + too, so, either, neither 8-6 Connecting ideas with because 8-7 Connecting ideas with even though/although

  2. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND We had salmon, asparagus, and salad for dinner.

  3. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE (a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana. , , (b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear.

  4. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE (a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana. , , (b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear. and connects twowords NO COMMA andconnects three or more COMMAS

  5. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES , (c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.

  6. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES , (c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear. and connects twosentences COMMA

  7. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES . (d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear. (e) INCORRECT:I ate an apple, you ate a pear.

  8. 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES . (d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear. (e) INCORRECT:I ate an apple, you ate a pear. period two complete sentences no “and” no comma

  9. 8-1 LET’S PRACTICE COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS ? I like lettuce and tomato on my cheeseburger.

  10. 8-1 LET’S PRACTICE COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS ? , I speak Hindi and you speak Swedish.

  11. 8-1 LET’S PRACTICE COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS ? I like lettuce tomato and cheese on my hamburger.

  12. 8-1 LET’S PRACTICE COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS ? , , I like lettuce tomato and cheese on my hamburger.

  13. 8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR I studied for the test, but I failed.

  14. 8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR (a) The team played well butdidn’t win. (b) Is it going to rainorsnow? (c) Would you like peascarrotssquash? (d) All went to the picnic but Ahmad. , , or and, but and or “conjunctions” connect items commas series of three or more

  15. 8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR I had the flu. = a sentence I didn’t feel sick. = a sentence , (d) I had the flu but I didn’t feel sick. (e) Did you have the flu or was it just a cold? , two complete sentences with but or or comma

  16. 8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO Abdullah got a new bike, so he went for a ride.

  17. 8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO (a) She was tired, so she took a nap. ,so two independent clauses

  18. 8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO • She was tired, so she took a nap. • class practice Soresults: cause: She was tired. result: She took a nap.

  19. 8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO (a) She was tired, so she took a nap. (b) COMPARE: She was tired, butshe didn’t take a nap. but unexpected result

  20. 8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND He likes pizza, but I don’t.

  21. 8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND (a) I don’t playtennis, but Jim does. (b) I likeracketball, but Jim doesn’t. (c) I won’t beleaving, but Nazan will. (d) Yi-When has beento Rome,butJen hasn’t. (e) Sheisn’tat school, but he is. does = play tennis

  22. 8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND (f) I don’t playtennis, and Jim doesn’t either. (g) I likeracketball, and Jim does too. (h) I won’t beleaving, and Azan won’t either. (i) John has beento Rome,andJen has too. (j) Sheisn’tat school, and he isn’t either.

  23. 8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND I don’t playtennis, but Jim does. negative + but + affirmative I likeracketball, but Jim doesn’t. affirmative + but + negative I won’t beleaving, and Azan won’t either. negative + and + negative I don’t playtennis, and Jim doesn’t either. class practice negative + and + negative

  24. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER Ms. Poulos plays the violin, and her daughter does too.

  25. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER subj + aux + TOO (a) Hayat likes dogs, andSajiddoes too. SO + aux + subj (b) Hayat likes dogs, andso does Sajid. class practice same meaning

  26. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER subj + aux + EITHER (c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, andJay doesn’t either. NEITHER + aux + subj (d) Bill doesn’t like dogs, andneither does Jay. class practice same meaning

  27. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER (f) I’m happy that we are cooking together. (e) I’m happy that we are cooking together. So am I. I am too. same meaning

  28. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER (g) I don’t like bread. (h) I don’t like bread. Neither do I. I don’t either. same meaning

  29. 8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER (i) I like fruit. (j) I don’t like bread. Me too. Me neither. informal English

  30. 8-5 LET’S PRACTICE too Amy is wearing high heels, and _______ ________________. Emma is too June Jay Amy Emma

  31. 8-5 LET’S PRACTICE so Amy wears high heels, and _______ ________________. so does Emma June Jay Amy Emma

  32. 8-5 LET’S PRACTICE neither Jay doesn’t have long hair, and ________________. neither does Amy June Jay Amy Emma

  33. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE They are happy because they bought a new house.

  34. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE (a) She is smiling because she is happy. because cause reason

  35. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE (b) MAIN CLAUSE:She is smiling. complete sentence (c) ADVERB CLAUSE:because she is happy. complete sentence because +subject + verb = an adverb clause

  36. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE (d) She is smiling because she is happy. (no comma) main clause + no comma + adverb clause ADVERB CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE (e) Because she is happy,she is smiling. (comma) adverb clause+ comma +main clause

  37. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE (d) She is smiling because she is happy. (no comma) ADVERB CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE (e) Because she is happy,she is smiling. (comma) same meaning

  38. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE (f) INCORRECT IN WRITING: She is smiling. Because she is happy. must be connected to a main clause Written?

  39. 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE (g) CORRECT IN SPEAKING: Because I told him a joke. Why is he laughing?

  40. 8-6 LET’S PRACTICE ? CORRECT INCORRECT OR Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick. CORRECT Her eyes are watering ________________. because she is sick OR Because she is sick, __________________ her eyes are watering.

  41. 8-6 LET’S PRACTICE ? CORRECT INCORRECT OR The woman is happy because she loves her English class.

  42. 8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /ALTHOUGH Even though we were tired, we didn’t rest.

  43. 8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /ALTHOUGH (a) Even thoughI was very sad, I didn’t cry. I did not cry even thoughI was very sad.

  44. 8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /ALTHOUGH (a) Even thoughI was very sad, I didn’t cry. I did not cry even thoughI was very sad. (b) AlthoughI was very sad, I didn’t cry. I did not cry althoughI was very sad. same meaning even though although adverb clause +

  45. 8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /ALTHOUGH COMPARE: (c) Because I was very sad, I cried. (d) Even though I was very sad, I did not cry. because expected result even though although unexpected result

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