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WWII and the Homefront

WWII and the Homefront. Increased Gov’t Control. National War Labor Board - allowed negotiation over benefits, but no strikes allowed Office of Price Administration - regulated civilian life (fought inflation, rationed food, etc)

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WWII and the Homefront

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  1. WWII and the Homefront

  2. Increased Gov’t Control • National War Labor Board- allowed negotiation over benefits, but no strikes allowed • Office of Price Administration- regulated civilian life (fought inflation, rationed food, etc) • War Production Board- Manage war industries: rationed fuel and other vital war supplies • Office of War Mobilization- set production priorities • Dept. of Treasury- Financing the war • Increased income tax • Sold war bonds • Office of Scientific Research and Development-sonar, penicillin, atom bomb

  3. People at Home • Women- 6 million of 18 million factory workers were women • 200,000 served in noncombatant roles • WAC- Women’s Auxillary Corp • WASP- Women’s Airforce Service Pilots • General Douglas MacArthur caled the WACs “my best soldiers,” adding that they worked harder, complained less, and were better disciplined than the men. • War involvement helped advance the position of women in society

  4. African Americans • 2nd Great Migration? • African-Americans moved north for jobs (1.5 million!) • 1 million served in armed forces, segregated units • Double V Slogan-V for Victory at war, V for Victory for Equality! • 1943 Detroit and NYC Riots against African American workers

  5. Mexican Americans • Worked in defense industries • 300,000 served in armed forces • Mexico and America’s governments made immigration deals-few restrictions. Mexican migrant workers came North to work. • led to riots b/w White sailors against Mexican Americans in LA, known as Zoot Suit Riots

  6. Native Americans • Code Talkers • 25,000 served- changed landscape of reservations • sent messages to Pacific theatre in Navajo-a complex, unwritten language-undecipherable • 540 Navajo actively participated in code talking • Took part in every offensive US launched in Pacific from 1942-1945 • “Were it not for the Navajo code talkers, we would never have been able to take Iwo Jima”-Major Howard Connor, 5th Marine Division

  7. Japanese-American Internment, 1942 • Executive Order 9066: • Anyone who looked lived in California/Oregon/Washington who looked East Asian was rounded up into camps. • 110,000 people were relocated, the majority of them born in America (some had even served in the army)

  8. Aerial view of a Japanese Internment camp

  9. 1988 Legislation • Japanese American Reparation Act • Signed by Reagan • $20,000 given to each surviving detainee • 1990 President Bush Sr. signed a formal apology to Japanese Americans

  10. War Propaganda- Even better than before!

  11. Rosie the Riveter- A Cultural Icon

  12. A Gold Star on a service flag signifies a family member who has died in war.

  13. Re-election…AGAIN! • 53% popular vote, FDR elected for 4th term in 1944 • Health was already failing (high blood pressure led to organ failure) • Died April 12, 1945 • Left V.P. Harry S. Truman to end the war

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