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Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in Sustainable Energy Solutions

CAES. Exploratory Workshop on: “Scientifically Challenges of Tomorrow’s Energy” September 22 nd – 23 rd , 2010 “Politehnica” University of Bucharest. Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in Sustainable Energy Solutions. Prof. Eden Mamut “Ovidius” University of Constantza, Romania.

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Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in Sustainable Energy Solutions

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  1. CAES Exploratory Workshop on:“Scientifically Challenges of Tomorrow’s Energy” September 22nd – 23rd, 2010“Politehnica” University of Bucharest Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in Sustainable Energy Solutions Prof. Eden Mamut “Ovidius” University of Constantza, Romania

  2. CENTER FOR ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES • Aim:To develop a resource of excellence for the Black Sea Region specialized in advanced engineering • Functions:Research & Engineering, Graduate Programs, Technology transfer, Consultancy, Training & Networking • Structure: Industry Consortium, International Steering Committee, President, Director, Full-time Research Staff, Project Based Teams, Graduate Students • Research Area: Applied Thermodynamics, Advanced Energy Systems, CFD, CAD/CAM/CAE & Remote Engineering • Programs: • Multi-Scale Engineering • Advanced Energy Systems • Highly Engineered Materials • Sustainable Transport Systems

  3. CAES Team • President: Prof. Adrian BEJAN, • Pioneered numerous original methods in thermal sciences, such as entropy generation minimization, scale analysis of fluid flow and convection, and the constructal law of design in nature • Adrian Bejan is ranked among the 100 most-cited authors in all of engineering (all fields, all countries, living or deceased) by the Institute of Scientific Information

  4. OUTLINE • Rationale • Sustainable Development • Black Sea Universities Network • Multiscale & Multicriteria approach on sustainability • Effective projects • CAES Contribution

  5. The Olduvai Theory of Industrial Civilization The transient-pulse theory 1. Pre Industrial Phase [c. 3 000 000 BC to 1765] A - Tool making (c. 3 000 000 BC); B - Fire used (c. 1 000 000 BC); C - Neolithic agricultural revolution (c. 8 000 BC); D - Watts steam engine of 1765 starting the Industrial Phase (1930-2025) 2. Industrial Phase [1930 to 2025, estimated] E - Per capita energy-use 37% of peak value; F - Peak energy-use; G - Present energy-use;H - Per capita energy-use 37% of peak value 3. Post Industrial Phase [c. 2100 and beyond] J, K, and L = Recurring future attempts at industrialization fail.2008 Assessment Duncan, R. C. (1989). Evolution, technology, and the natural environment: A unified theory of human history. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, American Society of Engineering Educators: Science, Technology, & Society, 14B1-11 to 14B1-20

  6. AND A SAUDI SAYING “My father rode a camel. I drive a car. My son flies a jet-plane. His son shall ride a camel!”

  7. CLIMATE CHANGE I

  8. CLIMATE CHANGE II

  9. CLIMATE CHANGE III

  10. CLIMATE CHANGE IV

  11. CLIMATE CHANGE V

  12. CLIMATE CHANGE VII

  13. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT • Sustainable Development: to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs • Strategy Mix: • efficiency – enhanced productivity / resource • consistency – enhanced economies embedded in the natural cycles • sufficiency – new concept of prosperity / satisfaction / material wealth • Management rules: • the use of renewable natural resources must not exceed their regeneration rates • the use of non-renewable natural resources must not exceed the rate of substituting their respective functions • the emissions of pollutants must not exceed nature’s capability to adapt

  14. THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT • The concept of noosphere (“nous” – mind, “sphere” – the Earth’s cover) V. Vernadsky, Sorbonne, 1922 • “Noosphere - the modern stage of the biosphere development (environment) connected with the active role of the Homo sapiens” Edward Le Roy, 1927 г. • The theory connecting natural sciences (biospherology) with social science. Pierre de Chardin, 1928 • Transition from One-Dimensional Development to its Harmonization with Respect to Three (Four) constituents: • {Economic; Ecological; Social} The beginning of the process - 1970s. • {Economic; Ecological; Social; Institutional} 1996, Commission on Sust. Dev.,United Nations.

  15. THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT “System coordination of economic, ecological and human development in such a way that from one generation to the other the quality and safety of life should not decrease, the environmental conditions should not worsen and the social progress should meet the needs of every person” Vladimir Vernadsky, 1947

  16. DIMENSIONS & SCALES • Multidimensions: • Economical; • Ecological; • Social & Institutional. • Multicriteria: • Economical: Growth competitiveness index, Economic freedom index; • Ecological: Environmental sustainability index; • Social & Institutional: Quality of life index, Human development index, Knowledge society index.

  17. DIMENSIONS & SCALES • Multiscales: • Energy system; • Local cluster of end-users • Urban / Rural agglomeration; • Sub-region; • Country; • Region.

  18. CLASSICAL APPROACH IN MODELLING • General Laws of Thermodynamics & Particular Conditions • Process Decomposition • Global (lumped) & Local (distributed) Process Parameters

  19. MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MODELING Multi-dimensional models or „multi-scale” as well as the integrated multi-phenomenological models or „multi- physics” have been developed in time, covering today a large number of applications including the materials science, the nano/microelectronics, the ecological reconstruction, the deactivation of the atomic armament and biotechnologies. The multi-dimensional modeling approaches (MMD) can be grouped in the following generic categories: - MMD with the transfer of the parameters – which integrates two or more models associated to different dimensional and/or temporal scales and the resulted parameters based on a model are used as input data for the other models; - MMD with simultaneously solved multi-dimensional models (in the way used in Concurrent Engineering) – which integrates more mutual influenced models which leads to the necessity of simultaneous simulations with mutual data exchange protocols; - MMD unitary integrated – consisting of the use of a mathematical device that includes terms associated to different dimensional and/or temporal scales in a unitary configuration.

  20. PARADIGM SHIFT

  21. PARADIGM SHIFT

  22. BLACK SEA REGION

  23. BSR GROWTH

  24. BSR IN THE WORLD

  25. CRUDE OIL FLOWS

  26. BLACK SEA TRANSPORT CONNECTIONS

  27. BLACK SEA I Surface: 413 488 Km2 Maximum depth: 2245 m Volume of water: 529 955 km3 Average salinity: 18 mg/liter Shore length: 4790 km Riparian countries: Georgia, Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey Main Rivers: Danube, Dniestr, Dnieper – 70% fresh water supply Outflow through Bosphorous: 610 km3/year Danube contribution: 250km3/year Anoxic waters: under 150m

  28. BLACK SEA II Total inputs of Nitrogen: 647 kt/year Domestic: 20.3 kt/year Industrial: 146.9 kt/year Rivers: 281.8 kt/year Non-riparian countries’ contribution: NOx: 70 % Ammonia: 30 % Total inputs of Phosphorus: 50.5 kt/year Domestic: 6.7 kt/year Industrial: 2.0 kt/year Rivers: 28.2 kt/year

  29. BLACK SEA III Total length: 2850 km Mean Multi-Annual flow: 6399 m3/s Riparian Countries: Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldavia, Ukraine Drained area: 817,000 km2 Total concentration of solutants : 170 mg/liter (1900) 425 mg/liter (1990) Ion composition: carbonates (50%), calcium (15%), clorine (13%) sulphates (10%), magnesium (5%) sodium and potassium (5-6%) Concentration of nitrogen: 355 kt/year (1992) versus 50 kt/year (1960) Concentration of phosphorus: 22 kt/year (1992) versus 14 kt/year (1960) maximum 63 kt/year (1988)

  30. BLACK SEA IV Eutrophication: Natural Man induced Intentional Accidental Hydrography & oxygen content Organic substances Trace metals Radioactivity Sewage waters Effects on marine ecosystems Algal blooms Decrease of biodiversity Structural changes

  31. BLACK SEA V

  32. BLACK SEA VI

  33. BLACK SEA VII

  34. BLACK SEA VIII

  35. BLACK SEA UNIVERSITIES NETWORK • Aim:The Network was founded for the purpose of developing scientific, cultural and educational cooperation and exchanges among the Universities of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Participating States and other institutions with similar concernfor the sustainable development of the BSR • Members: 100 Universities of 11 BSEC member countries • Bodies: Conference of Rectors of BSR, Executive Board, President, IPS • Centers: Center for Advanced Engineering Sciences (Romania), “B. S. Cobanzade” Research Center on Turkology, Baku State University, Center ACADEMICON (Turkey), Center for Coordination of Common Graduate Programs (Greece), Center for Coordination of Summer Schools & Short Term Certificate Courses (Ukraine), Center for Joint Research Projects (Azerbaijan), Center for BSUN Publications (Bulgaria), • Consortia: BSUN Consortium on Economics & Business, Consortium on Oral Health, Consortium on Tourism, Consortium on RES. • Web site:Http://www.bsun.org

  36. BSUN FRAMEWORK PROGRAMS • Sustainable Development in the Black Sea Region, 1998 – 2000 • University – Community Partnership, 2000 – 2002 • Excellence in Education (EXCEED), 2002 – 2004 • Education & Science for Sustainable Development in the Black Sea Region (SUSTDEV), 2004 – 2006 • Generating Synergies, 2006 -2008

  37. BSUN PROGRAM 2008 – 2010 • Implementation of the Bologna Process and Post-Bologna Phase • Regional Programs • Joint Research Projects & Innovation • Intercultural Exchange and Social Cohesion

  38. BSUN PRIORITY THEMES • Sustainable Development • Networking on Innovation and Knowledge Transfer • Energy Security & Renewable Energy Sources • Advanced & Multifunctional Materials • IT&C - Networking & High Performance Computing • E-health & Telemedicine • Social & Cultural Cohesion in the BSR

  39. Priority Theme 1 • Sustainable Development • Responsible: Prof. M. Zgurovski, KPI; • Priority projects: • • Elaboration of the system approach for estimation of sustainable development; • • A System for Ecological Aero Monitoring.

  40. Priority Theme 1 THE KIEV DECLARATION OF THE UNIVERSITY RECTORS FROM THE BLACK SEA REGION ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, 2008

  41. Priority Theme 3 • Energy Security and Renewable Energy Sources • Responsible: Prof. E. Mamut, OUC • Priority projects: • • Black Sea Region policy in the sphere of energy and climate changes; • • Black Sea Solar Net.

  42. EUROPEAN INSTITUTES OF INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY - EIT

  43. Economic Iec=F(Ic,Ief) Iec Isd Ecological Ie Ie= Ies = ESI Is Social+Institutional Is=F(Iq,Ihd,Iks) GAUGING MATRIX OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

  44. GENERAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL

  45. GLOBAL INDICES

  46. GLOBAL DATA SOURCES

  47. Ranking of Countries by the index of Sustainable Development, 2007-2008

  48. Ranking of Countries by the index of Sustainable Development, 2007-2008

  49. Ranking of Countries by the index of Sustainable Development, 2007-2008

  50. Ranking of Countries by the index of Sustainable Development, 2007-2008

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