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Colonial Era America

Colonial Era America. An Emerging Unity. People Settling in the New World became known as: THE GREAT CONVERGENCE or migration = The values and institutions of European life took root in the colonies.

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Colonial Era America

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  1. Colonial Era America An Emerging Unity

  2. People Settling in the New World became known as: THE GREAT CONVERGENCE or migration = The values and institutions of European life took root in the colonies.

  3. *England, Spain, and France Claim land because of the natural geography that exists in the new world. Which European countries border the 13 English Colonies?

  4. South New England Economy agriculture manufacturing Reasons for establishing a colony provide Britain with an new trade market religious freedom Population Tidewater aristocracy Puritans Social structure 3-part social structure:Aristocracy (few, wealthy)Middle class farmersSlaves People were considered relatively equal, at least in the eyes of God DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COLONIAL REGIONS Comparison of the South and New England

  5. Thirteen British Colonies • As we have seen, all the colonies were very different from each other. Yet, some things are on the horizon that will help to unify the 13 Colonies. • Developing similarities • Mercantilism • Forces in play to unify the 13 colonies in 18th century. • 1. The Enlightenment • 2. First Great Awakening JOHN LOCKE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN JONATHON EDWARDS GEORGE WHITEFIELD

  6. The Enlightenment in Europe • A movement among the intellectuals of Western Europe that emerged out of the Scientific Revolution. • Universe governed by physical laws • Society governed by natural laws • Philosophers attempted to determine what those laws were in an attempt to “reform” society. • Emphasis on rationality and reason. • Question tradition, including government and religious institutions.

  7. John Locke • John Locke (1632-1704) • Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) • Tabula rasa • Two Treatises of Government (1689) • Natural law and inalienable rights • Rulers are subject to the law • Political contracts

  8. The American Enlightenment • American newspapers • Improved education in colonies • Numerous grammar schools in New England • Private tutors in the southern colonies • Six colleges established • Harvard College (1636), College of William and Mary (1693), and Yale College (1701) were the leaders in American higher education. • Enlightenment influence mainly among upper classes.

  9. First Great Awakening • Religious revival that spread through all 13 colonies from 1730s-1750s. Many people felt that young people were not embracing the religious faiths that had founded the 13 Colonies. • Prominent ministers: Cotton Mather, Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield

  10. Government and Religion in the British Colonies, 1720

  11. “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” • God may cast wicked men into hell at any given moment. • The Wicked deserve to be cast into hell. Divine justice does not prevent God destroying the Wicked moment - do feel and bear the fierceness of His wrath. • At any moment God shall permit him, Satan stands ready to fall upon the Wicked and seize them as his own • If it were not for God's restraints, there are, in the souls of at any moment. • The Wicked, at this moment, suffer under God's condemnation to Hell. • The Wicked, on earth - at this very moment - suffer the torments of Hell. The Wicked must not think, simply because they are not physically in Hell, God (in whose Hand the Wicked now reside) is - at this very moment - as angry with them as He is with those miserable creatures He is now tormenting in hell, and who - at this very wicked men, hellish principles reigning which, presently, would kindle and flame out into hellfire, • Simply because there are not visible means of death before them, at any given moment, the Wicked should not, therefore, feel secure. • Simply because it is natural to care for oneself or to think that others may care for them, men should not think themselves safe from God's wrath. • All that wicked men may do to save themselves from Hell's pains afford them nothing if they continue to reject Christ. • God has never promised to save us from Hell, except for those contained in Christ through the covenant of Grace. • The wicked will not escape the wrath of God unless they repent. 1734, Massachusetts Jonathon Edwards

  12. Aftermath of Revival • Many people began leaving the established churches and joined other Protestant groups. • Churches gained 20,000 to 50,000 new members. • Colleges like Princeton were founded to train new ministers. • Sporadic conversions by African slaves • Encouraged ideas of equality and the right to challenge authority.

  13. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN: ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER

  14. Ben Franklin's Life • 1730 Ben marries • 1737 Poor Richard’sAlmanac Timeline

  15. Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Boston Massachusetts. • He only spent two years in the local school because of lack of money.

  16. Ben Franklin began teaching himself the basics of geometry and algebra. He also studied and partially mastered many different languages. • At age 12, Ben began working at his brother’s printing shop.

  17. Benjamin Franklin the Printer • From 1723 to 1730, Ben worked as a printer. • He became partial owner of a print shop in 1728. • In 1729, Ben started The Pennsylvania Gazette.

  18. In 1730 Ben married Deborah Read. • Benjamin had two sons named William and Francis. • Ben also had a daughter named Sarah.

  19. The Almanac contained the calendar, weather, poems, sayings and astronomical and astrological information that a typical almanac of the period would contain. Franklin also included the occasional mathematical exercise and plenty of Franklin’s wisdom. Ben wrote Poor Richard's Almanac. He that lives upon Hope, dies farting. "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.“ "Snug as a bug in a rug." Don’t throw stones at your neighbours, if your own windows are glass. The rotten Apple spoils his Companion.

  20. Ben Franklin the Inventor Bifocals A Glass armonica The Lightning Rod An Odometer Franklin Stove

  21. Bifocals Ben invented reading glasses called bifocals. Bifocals are eyeglasses that have split lenses. One half of the lens helps a person see close and one half of the lens helps a person see far away.

  22. A Glass Armonica • Ben Franklin also invented a glass harmonica. Different size bowls with holes and corks in the center were put onto a spindle and rotated by foot pedal. Dampened fingers rubbed the edges to produce the beautiful sounds.

  23. The Lightning Rod Ben Franklin invented the lightning rod. It was attached to a building, and would attract lightning. Then the rod would direct lightning down to the ground so that it wouldn't hit the building.

  24. An Odometer Ben went out riding one day in his carriage to measure the routes. He needed a way to keep track of the distance. Ben invented an odometer and attached it to his carriage.

  25. A Wood Stove Ben Franklin invented an iron furnace stove. It allowed people to safely warm their homes using less wood. Franklin Stove

  26. He died on April 17, 1790 at the age of 84. • The Epitaph of Young Benjamin Franklin • The body of B. Franklin, Printer (Like the Cover of an Old Book Its Contents torn Out And Stript of its Lettering and Gilding) Lies Here, Food for Worms. But the Work shall not be Lost; For it will (as he Believ'd) Appear once More In a New and More Elegant Edition Revised and Corrected By the Author. • When Benjamin Franklin was 22 years old, he wrote the epitaph that he imagined might be carved on his tombstone. By the time he actually died at age 84, he had changed his mind. • Benjamin Franklin's Final Epitaph • Benjamin and Deborah Franklin: 1790

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