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How do we know about the past?

How do we know about the past?. Methods of Historical Investigation. Primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are those that come from the time being investigated. Secondary sources are written or produced after the period they describe. Types of Sources. Written Sources include:.

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How do we know about the past?

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  1. How do we know about the past? Methods of Historical Investigation

  2. Primary and secondary sources • Primary sources are those that come from the time being investigated. • Secondary sources are written or produced after the period they describe.

  3. Types of Sources Written Sources include: Non-written Sources include: Histories Plays and poetry Legends Letters Inscriptions Laws Administrative Records Graffiti Buildings Monuments Tombs Skeletal remains Pottery Toolsand weapons Household goods Coins

  4. How reliable are our written sources?

  5. What is Archaeology? • Archaeology is a way of studying the human past through physical remains (artefacts). • Artefacts are any objects made, used or modified by humans. Archaeologists are Time Detectives

  6. Investigating the Evidence

  7. How are artefacts dated? Relative Dating Methods Absolute Dating Methods Intel Education: Student Login

  8. Stratification

  9. Typology Many artefacts can be dated according to their style. For example, pottery, tools and weapons show distinct styles at different periods of development (compare with how models of cars have changed over the years).

  10. Cross-dating If a particular style of helmet, pottery, etc is able to be dated at one particular site, then this can be used to date other sites in which the same style of artefact is found.

  11. Fluorine Testing

  12. Paleontological Dating Palaeontologists study the history of animals. Often a site can be dated according to the types of animal fossils found there.

  13. Pollen Analysis Cranesmoor bog is formed over lake muds estimated from pollen analysis to have been laid down in early Boreal times, and the overlying peat is up to 15 feet deep in parts. The peat consists mainly of either Sphagnum or Schoenus nigricans remains, and the present surface vegetation shows a similar variation associated with hydrological differences in different parts of the bog. [Information from a botany report available on the "New Forest History" website: http://www.hants.gov.uk/newforesthistory/ ]

  14. Carbon-14 Dating

  15. Potassium-argon Dating The landscape in the central Andes Mountains, near the border between Chile and Argentina, is dominated by volcanoes and associated landforms. Layers of older sedimentary rocks are visible to the upper middle, and many volcanic cones show grooves where water has eroded the rock to form gullies. A few volcanoes exhibit much less erosion, and even show tongues of dark, recent lava flows (upper left).

  16. Dendrochronology Sample from wood is taken with hollow drill. Samples from woods those have partly different age, can combine together to make tree-ring sequence, that can be presented like thicker tree or longer stick. Drill to take samples for Dendrochronology from trees

  17. Thermoluminescence

  18. Comparative Chart: Dating Methods

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