Reproductive System

1. Reproductive System Health Science I Mrs. Atchison I

2. Male Reproductive System

3. Structures of the male reproductive system Reproductive system of ducts Vas deferens Seminal vesicles- produces secretions that provide nutrients and protection to sperms upon ejaculation Ejaculatory duct 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

4. Vas Deferens • Runs from Epididymis to ejaculatory duct • Seminal Vesicles connect to vas deferens, secretions nourish sperm • Ejaculatory Duct- connect vas deferens with urethra– carries sperm out of testes

5. Structures of the male reproductive system Scrotum Sac of skin that contains the testes 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

6. Structures of the male reproductive system Testes (two) Primary reproductive organ About the size of an egg • Seminiferous tubules • Each testis contains 1-4 minute, convoluted tubules • Epididymis • Coiled duct on the posterior and lateral part of the testes 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

7. Structures of the male reproductive system Penis Erectile tissue Prepuce (foreskin) Covers the tip of the penis 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

8. Penis • Contains erectile tissue • End of penis covered by loose fitting skin-Foreskin • Foreskin removed during circumcision

9. Testes and Epididymis • Testes produce male gametes (spermatozoa) and male sex hormone- testosterone • Found in pouch of skin called a scrotum • Size of a small egg • Made up of 250 lobules, each with coiled Seminiferous Tubules-where sperm develop • They join to form the Epididymis where sperm are stored- they join at the ductus deferens (Vas Deferens)

10. Structures of the male reproductive system Sperm The male gamete Smallest cell in the human body. 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

11. Structures of the male reproductive system Urethra Connects to reproductive system of ducts Passage way for urine and sperm Prostate gland Surrounds the distal of the urethra Bulbourethral glands Located on either side and below the prostate-pressure causes issues with urination 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

12. Prostate Gland • Surrounds beginning of urethra • Size and shape of a chestnut • Secretes a fluid that enhances sperm motility

13. Bulbourethral Glands • Located on either side of prostate below prostate • Add alkaline secretion to semen that helps sperm live longer

14. Erection and Ejaculation • Urethra has dual role- excretion of urine and to expel semen • Erection caused when erectile tissue fills with blood • Ejaculation expels semen • Impotence- unable to copulate

15. Question • Which structure produces secretions that provide nutrients and protection to sperms upon ejaculation?  • A. Fallopian tubes  • B. Seminal vesicles  • C. Seminiferous tubules  • D. Vas deferens 

16. Answer • Seminal vesicles

17. Question • Which gland produces fluid that aids in the expulsion of semen and enhances the motility of sperm?  • A. Bulbourethral • B. Ejaculatory  • C. Prostate  • D. Seminal 

18. Answer • Prostate

19. Question • Which 45 centimeter structure of the male reproductive system connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?  • A. Bulbourethral gland  • B. Prostate gland  • C. Seminal vesicles  • D. Vas deferens 

20. Answer • Vas Deferens

21. Question • Which structure of the male reproductive system stores sperm and connects to the testes?  • A. Epididymis • B. Penis  • C. Scrotum  • D. Testicle

22. Answer • Epididymis

23. Question • Which structure of the male reproductive system surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder?  • A. Bulbourethral gland  • B. Prostate gland  • C. Seminal vesicles  • D. Thymus gland

24. Answer • Prostate Gland

25. Question • Which structure of the male reproductive system is shared between the urinary and reproductive systems? • A. Epididymis • B. Testes  • C. Urethra  • D. Vas deferens 

26. Question • Which structure(s) of the male reproductive system are pea-sized and inferior to the prostate?  • A. Bulbourethral glands  • B. Epididymis • C. Seminal vesicles  • D. Urethra 

27. Answer • Bulbourethral glands

28. Correct Flow of Sperm •  What is the correct pathway for sperm from spermatogenesis to ejaculation? • Answer • Testes – Epididymis – Vas Deferens – Ejaculatory Duct – Urethra

29. Question • During a vasectomy what structure is severed to produce sterility in the male? • Answer??

30. Question • If you are having difficulty urinating and the doctor says there may be a problem with one of the glands of the male reproductive system, which gland is he talking about? • Answer??

31. FYI-Descent of the Testesdo not copy • In embryo, testes formed in the abdomen • During last 3 months, migrate into scrotum • Cryptorchidism- when testes don’t descend • Rx- surgical procedure before puberty • Scrotum- sac of skin that contains testes

32. Structures of the female reproductive system 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

33. Ovaries • Primary sex organs of the female • In lower part of abdominal cavity • About the size of an almond • 2 functions: 1. produce ova 2. manufacture female sex hormones - estrogen • Each ovary contains thousands of microscopic sacs

34. Ovary (female gonad) Located in the pelvic cavity About the size of an almond Each ovary contains thousands of microscopic sacs Ova Known as the female gamete or Graafian follicle Structures of the female reproductive system The ovum is the largest cell in the human body. 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

35. Ovaries cont… • A single follicle matures every 28 days- an ovum matures inside- during the reproductive years • Reproductive ability begins at puberty- when menarche occurs (first menstrual period) • When the ovum is mature in the follicle, it is released (ovulation) about 2 weeks before the menstrual period begins.

36. Female gametes have 22 pairs of autosomes and single pair of sex chromosomes – XX Structures of the female reproductive system Did you know??? What makes a person a girl instead of a boy??? 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

37. Ovaries cont… • After ovulation, the ovum travels down the fallopian tube • Fertilization takes place in the fallopian tube, usually within 2 days of ovulation • Following fertilization, the zygote implants in the uterus • Development of follicle controlled by FSH, ovulation caused by LH

38. Fallopian tube Also known as oviduct or uterine tube Approximately 4” long Not attached to the ovaries Structures of the female reproductive system 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

39. Fallopian Tubes • 4” long- not attached to ovaries • Pregnancy that implants in tube- Ectopic pregnancy • Smooth muscle and cilia help propel ova into the uterus

40. Uterus Hollow, thick-walled, pear-shaped, highly muscular organ Lies behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum Structures of the female reproductive system 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

41. Uterus • Hollow, thick-walled, pear-shaped, highly muscular organ. • Lies behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum. • Fundus- bulging upper part of the uterus, the body is the middle portion, and the Cervix is the narrow portion that extends into the vagina

42. Uterus cont… • Uterine wall- 3 layers, outer layer is the visceral peritoneum, thick muscle layer is the myometrium, and the inner mucous layer is the endometrium

43. External genitalia Vulva External organs of reproduction Labia Folds of skin that surround the vagina Labia majora Labia minora Structures of the female reproductive system 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

44. Vagina • Smooth muscle with a mucous membrane lining • External Female Genitalia • Vulva- external organs of reproduction • Labia- folds of skin that surround the vagina • Perineum- area between vagina and rectum • Episiotomy- incision in perineum to make more room for childbirth

45. External genitalia Clitoris Erectile tissue Perineum Area between the vagina and rectum Structures of the female reproductive system 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

46. Mammary glands (breasts) Consists of 15 or 20 lobes of granular and adipose tissue Areola Darkened area that surrounds the nipple Structures of the female reproductive system 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

47. Breast (Mammary Glands) • Accessory organs • Areola- darkened area that surrounds the nipple • Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to secrete milk following childbirth • A breast feeding mom’s left breast is red, tender, and edematous.She has Mastitis?

48. Mastitis

49. Menstrual Cycle • Occurs every 28 days • Divided into 4 stages • Follicle Stage- FSH from pituitary-> ovary, stimulates follicle with ovum to mature-> releases estrogen and prepares uterine lining, lasts 10 days • Ovulation Stage- pituitary stops FSH and releases LH, 14th day- follicle ruptures and mature ovum released

50. Menstrual Cycle cont… • Corpus Luteum Stage- corpus luteum secrets progesterone. If ovum fertilized, corpus luteum continues secrete progesterone, which prevents further ovulation and maintains uterine lining, lasts 14 days • Menstruation Stage- If no embryo, corpus luteum dissolves-> progesterone and uterine lining breaks down and is discharged, 3-6 days