The use of the -ing form

1. The use of the -ing form

2. 动词-ing短语可以用作状语，修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作。这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况等，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

3. 1. 做时间状语 • 动词-ing所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时，动词-ing用一般式。有时前面可以加上when或while。 • While I was walking along the street, I met an old friend. • =Walking along the street, I met an old friend. • B. 动词-ing所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，动词-ing用完成式, 即having done。 • After he finished his work, the man left the office. • =Having finished his work, the man left the office.

4. 如果现在分词是hear，see等表示感官的动词或是leave，arrive，turn，open等表示位置转换或情况改变的动词，现在分词所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作往往紧接着发生，那就不必用完成式，仍用一般式。 Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. Seeing a large cake flying through the air, the driver pulled up quickly. Turning to the right, you will find the post office. Entering the room, I found nobody in.

5. 2. 做原因状语 现在分词短语作原因状语，尤其是be，feel，know，等状态动词的现在分词(短语)，以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时，通常表示原因。 As I was tired last night, I went to bed early. = Being tired last night, I went to bed early. Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her. Not having done his homework, he stayed at home.

6. 3. 做结果状语 多用于句尾。 I thought he was making fun of me, and ran faster than ever, reaching(＝so that I reached) the school yard quite out of breath. 现在分词表示必然结果， 前面可加thus。不定式表示意外的结果，前面可加only。 He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch the cold. I hurried to school only to find it was Sunday.

7. 4. 做条件状语 相当于if 引导的条件状语从句。 If you take the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a large wood. =Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a large wood. Take the path that leads out of the town and you will come to a large wood.

8. 5. 做让步状语 (Although)workingveryhard,hefailedtopassthetest. 6. 做伴随状语 所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper. Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. 7. 做方式状语 But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks.

9. 1)She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. 2) They also express their feelings using unspoken language physical distance. 3)(When) hearing the news, theyall jumped with joy. 4) Not knowing much English , I found it hard to understand him. 5)Thinking again, you will find a way. 6)Unfortunately, his father died, leaving his family even worse off. 7) (Although)workingveryhard,hefailedtopassthetest.

10. V-ing 做状语注意要点 1. doing 和having done 2. not 的位置 Ex: 1) ___such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. suffered 2) ____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

11. 3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语 1)_______ from the top of the hill , he found the school more beautiful. (see) 2)_______from the top of the hill, the school looks like a garden. (see) Seeing Seen 有一条原则必须遵守: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致.

12. 1)这位妇女坐在椅子上,看着电视. watching The woman sat in the chair _________ TV. 2)这位妇女坐在椅子上,一群小孩围着她. The woman sat in the chair ____________ by a group of children. surrounded 3) Finding her car stolen, . A. policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help

13. I was hit by a small stone V-ing形式作状语，与主句主语应保持一致. 例外情况：judging by/from (根据…来判断） considering(考虑到) generally speaking 判断正误： √ 1) Judging from his appearance, he must be an actor. 2) While waiting for a bus, a small stone hit me on the head 3) Considering his accent, he must be from the South. × √

14. 4. 动词-ing作状语，其逻辑主语有与主句主语不一致的情况，此时动词-ing有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 1) Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. = If time permits, we'll do another two exercises. 2) Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone),wewenthome. 3) Mr. Smith being absent, the meeting had to be put off. = BecauseMr. Smithwasabsent,themeetinghad tobeputoff.

16. 11. 指导；引导 12. 感激的；表示感激的 13. 成人， 成熟的 14. 收获；收成 15. 高度；身高 16. 不管怎样；然而 17. 食品杂货店 18. 金色的， 金的 19. 渐渐地 20. 普遍的；常规的 • .economy • . engineer • . entrance • . enormous • . electricity • . exhibition • . favourite • . figure • . fork • 0. generation

17. 11. 指导；引导 12. 感激的；表示感激的 13. 成人， 成熟的 14. 收获；收成 15. 高度；身高 16. 不管怎样；然而 17. 食品杂货店 18. 金色的， 金的 19. 渐渐地 20. 普遍的；常规的 • 1. guidance • 2. grateful • 3. grown-up • 4. harvest • 5. height • 6. however • 7. grocery • 8. golden • 9. gradually • 0.general

18. 21. 教育 n. • 2. 欧洲的 adj. • 3. 政府 n. • 4. 第四 • 5. 额外的 adj. • 6. 环境 n. • 7. 熟悉的 adj. • 8. 篱笆 n. • 9. 外国的 adj. • 0. 家具 n. 21. education 22. European 23. government 24. fourth 25. extra 26. environment 27. familiar 28. fence 29. foreign 30. furniture

19. 1. 地理 n. • 2. 极端地 adv. • 3. 永远地 adv. • 4. 头疼 n. • 5. 毕业 v. • 6. 饥饿 n. • 7. 正规的 adj. • 8. 语法 n. • 9. 谷物 n. • 0. 幸运的 adj. 31. geography 32. extremely 33. forever 34. headache 35. graduate 36. hunger 37. formal 38. grain 39. grammar 40. fortunate

20. 41. His new secretary is a quick, e________ worker, and the boss is quite satisfied with her. 42. Parents worry about the e________ of violent film on their children’s behavior. 43. I e________ achieved what I wanted after so many years’ hard work. 44. According to expert opinions, they gave up the e________(实验) immediately. 45. This dress is in such a good style; it will be f________ (时髦的) for many years. fficient ffect ventually xperiment ashionable

21. 46. The way to make dough (生面团) is very simple as you need only to mix f______ with water. 47. I'm almost falling asleep, and I can h_________ keep my eyes open. 48. F__________ is the second month of the year. 49. In the lecture , the president will f______ on the relationship of world economy and international politics. 50. In March, they received an invitation to the Cannes Film F_________(戛纳电影节). lour ardly ebruary ocus estival

22. 51. I have f_______ in you; I am sure you will do well. 52. As a parent, you have to set an e________ to your children and they will copy your good behaviour. 53. These movements will e______ your arms and shoulders and thus keep them strong and healthy. 54. Wenzhou is a city with which I have been f________ since childhood. 55. They were having a f_______ argument and I thought they might have a fight with each other. aith xample xercise amiliar ierce

23. 56. He is g_______ and kind in nature, though sometimes he may lose his temper. 57. The man is a newcomer here, so she has to g_______ him through the streets to the railway station. 58. Her endless patience made her the best nurse in the h_________. 59. No wonder he is not h________, because he has been eating sweets all day. 60. Facts, at any rate, could not be kept h_______. People will know them sooner or later. entle uide ospital ungry idden

25. 为了使动词-ing 形式作状语表达的时间、条件、让步等意思更加明确，我们可在动词-ing 形式前加上适当的连词（as，because，since除外） while Don’t talk ______having dinner。 _________crossing the street, do be careful. _______losing this chance, you can’t easily find it. ___________repeating many times, the teacher could not make his students understand. ________coming by taxi, I will arrive in at least 45 minutes. When Once Although Even if

26. （二）V-ing 做状语注意要项： 1. doing 和having done A. 动词-ing所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时，动词-ing用一般式。 1）The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president. B. 动词-ing所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，动词-ing用完成式。 2）Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play football. 2. not 的位置

27. Ex: 1) ___such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. suffered 2) ____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

28. 3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语 1)_______ from the top of the hill , he found the school more beautiful. (see) 2)_______from the top of the hill, the school looks like a garden. (see) Seeing Seen 有一条原则必须遵守: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致.

29. 1)这位妇女坐在椅子上,看着电视. watching The woman sat in the chair _________ TV. 2)这位妇女坐在椅子上,一群小孩围着她. The woman sat in the chair ____________ by a group of children. surrounded 3) Finding her car stolen, . A. policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help

30. I was hit by a small stone V-ing形式作状语，与主句主语应保持一致. 例外情况：judging by/from (根据…来判断） considering(考虑到) 判断正误： √ 1) Judging from his appearance, he must be an actor. 2) While waiting for a bus, a small stone hit me on the head 3) Considering his accent, he must be from the South. × √

31. 4. 动词-ing作状语，其逻辑主语有与主句主语不一致的情况，此时动词-ing有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 1) Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. = If time permits, we'll do another two exercises. 2) Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone),wewenthome. 3) Mr. Smith being absent, the meeting had to be put off. = BecauseMr. Smithwasabsent,themeetinghad tobeputoff.

32. 高考链接 • The secretary worked late into the night, _____a long speech for the president. • To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing • 2.European foot ball is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. • making B. makes C. made D. to make B 现在分词作伴随状语 A 现在分词表结果状语

33. A 3. “Can’t you read?” Mary said _______ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing 现在分词作伴随状语

34. C • 4. ____ a reply, he decided to write again. • Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received • 5.______ his telephone number, she had difficulty getting in touch with Bill. • Not knowing B. knowing not • C. Not having known D. Having not known 作原因状语 A 现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。

35. 单句改错: 1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful . 5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. Not having working Seeing speaking pointing Knock making

36. 3. Mother caught the boy ______ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking 4. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 5. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked

37. 6. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ___ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing

38. 8. ______in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 9. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 10. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken

39. I was hit by a small stone 5. V-ing形式作状语，与主句主语应保持一致. 例外情况：judging by/from (根据…来判断） generally speaking (一般来说) considering(考虑到) 判断正误： √ 1) Judging from his appearance, he must be an actor. 2)While waiting for a bus, a small stone hit me on the head 3)Judging from his accent, he must be from the South. × √

40. Choose the best answer: 1. The stranger said something in a ______ voice and the little girl was very much ________ A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened 2. ________the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining

41. 3. Mother caught the boy ______ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking 4. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 5. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked

42. 6. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ___ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 7. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

43. 8. ______in the queue for half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 9. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 10. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken

44. 11.The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 12.“Can’t you read?” Mary said__ __ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 13. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, ____it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make