3D Modelling Tools

1. 3D Modelling Tools Week 18 More on materials

2. Last week Lecture • Lighting • 3DS Max 7 Bible • Chapter 27 3D Modelling Tools

3. Lecture Revisit earlier materials Maps Images and textures External tools Procedural Composite Working with the library Exporting files 3DS Max 7 Bible Chapter 21-25 Seminar Lighting portfolio due (Portfolio 9) Storyboard for Model B Tutorials Materials This week 3D Modelling Tools

4. Previously on materials • Materials • Shaders • Rendering • Colours • Shininess • Self-illumination • Not textures, or bitmaps or maps 3D Modelling Tools

5. Materials • Alll materials affect how light is reflected from the surface • Think about how light and the material will interact 3D Modelling Tools

6. Material editor • Materials • Defined • Created • Applied • Sample shots • Parameters • Shaders • Maps Discreet (2005) 3D Modelling Tools

7. Material types • Standard • Ray-traced • Architectural Discreet (2005) 3D Modelling Tools

8. Standard material • Shaders • Type • Colours • Ambient • Diffuse • Specular • Glossiness • Opacity • Self-illumination 3D Modelling Tools

9. Ray tracing material • Uses Phong, Blinn, Meta, Antisotropic and Oren-Nayar-Blinn shaders • Attempts to physically model a surface rather than simulating it • Rendering takes longer • Added features • Luminosity • Translucency • Fog Discreet (2005) 3D Modelling Tools

10. Ray tracing • Each pixel is calculated • In 3ds max it uses mental ray renderer • Generate reflections and refractions • Ray tracing traces the path of rays sampled from the light source • Reflections and refractions generated this way are physically accurate 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

11. Reflections and Radiosity • Ray-tracing algorithm takes into account reflections and radiosity 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

12. Architectural materials • Provides the greatest amount of realism • Should use with Phtometric lights and radiosity • Do NOT use with standard lights • High degree of accuracy • When might you use it? Discreet (2005) 3D Modelling Tools

13. Materials and maps • Materials describe how an object reflects or transmits light • Within a material, maps can simulate textures, applied designs, reflections, refractions, and other effects 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

14. 2D maps • 2D Maps are two-dimensional images • mapped onto the surface of geometric objects • or used as environment maps to create a background for the scene • 2D maps can be generated procedurally • Bitmaps can be used as 2D maps 3D Modelling Tools

15. Diffuse map • An image is used as a diffuse map • Applied to the surface of the object • Overrides the base colour • Wood grain • Texture of fruit • Marble 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

16. Procedural maps • Derived from mathematical equations • Simple or complex • Do not degrade when you zoom into them • They are 3D • Marble material goes through an object as if it were solid 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

17. Bitmaps • A bitmap is an image produced by a fixed matrix of colored pixels • Use an existing image • Make your own • How? • An animation or video file instead of a bitmap 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

18. Using bitmaps • The more pixels the bigger the file size • What detail is needed? • Will the image be zoomed? • What happens if you zoom in too much? • What happens in a game situation if you have a large file size? 3D Modelling Tools

19. Environment maps • Rendering menu > Environment > • Set and animate the background color • Use an image in the background of the rendered scene • or use texture maps as spherical, cylindrical, or shrink-wrap environments. • Set and animate the ambient light. 3D Modelling Tools

20. Why use bitmaps? • Stick a logo on something • Making street scenes or urban landscapes • Use with billboard • Used with avatars • The map is generated by a graphic artist 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

21. Activity • Make a model with a base and: • 4 spheres • 4 boxes • 4 cylinders • 4 cones sitting on the base • Add procedural maps • Add bitmaps • Add an environment map 3D Modelling Tools

22. Composite maps • Use map channels • Vary from shader to shader • Many common • Parent child relationship Go to parent Map channels 3D Modelling Tools

23. Composite – an example • What do you think has been applied? • There are 3 maps 3D Modelling Tools

24. Bump map • Bump mapping makes an object appear to have a bumpy or irregular surface • Manipulates the object’s normals • Does not affect the object’s mesh 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

25. Composite effects • Bump and bitmap • 3D effect • Change the ambient colour • Change the specular colour 3D Modelling Tools

26. Activity • Add a bump map to your scene • Add a composite map to your scene 3D Modelling Tools

27. Mapping textures • Mapping is a method of projecting pictorial information onto surfaces • It is a lot like wrapping a present with wrapping paper 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

28. UVW co-ordinates • Most material maps are a 2D plane assigned to a 3D surface. • The coordinate system used to describe the placement and transformation of maps • Mapping coordinates use the letters U, V, and W • The three letters preceding X, Y, and Z in the alphabet. 3D Modelling Tools

29. Cropping and Placement • You can crop the bitmap • W/H—Adjusts the width and height of the bitmap or crop area • Placing a bitmap lets you scale the map and place it anywhere within its tile • U/V—Adjusts the bitmap location • Cropping and placement settings affect the model only, they have no effect on the bitmap file itself • Important to check Apply 3D Modelling Tools

30. Tiling • Repetition of an image over a large area • Use less memory • Can look too uniform • Can get join patterns 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

31. Face mapping • Ignores any mapping coordinates • Need to work with a polygon • Conforms the image to the faces • Select the desired face • Apply the image 3D Modelling Tools

32. Mapping coordinates • Use x, y z coodinates 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

33. Activity • To your scene • Apply tiling to a bitmap on a shape • Apply cropping to a bitmap on a shape • Position an image in your scene 3D Modelling Tools

34. Material libraries • Materials used in a model are saved in the max file • The software comes with libraries of materials • Create your own materials • Which can then be saved to a library for use on another project • Make a library from a particular scene 3D Modelling Tools

35. Activity • Use the material library to add some materials 3D Modelling Tools

36. Bitmaps for exported models • Exported files do not always take colours or textures with them • This is very important for your project work • Bitmaps can be better, but you need to collect them • With 3ds max use Utilities > More… > Bitmap/Photometric Paths > Path Editor > Edit Resources 3D Modelling Tools

37. Mapping for real time • Unwrap UVW • The Unwrap UVW modifier is used to assign planar maps to sub-object selections • To edit the UVW coordinates of those selections • Texture baking • The creation of texture maps based on an object's appearance in the rendered scene • Using complex lighting on a high polygon model • The textures are then “baked” into the object via mapping • Use a low polygon model • Displays the textured object rapidly for game engines 3D Modelling Tools

38. Mulitmedia options • Ink 'n Paint Material 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

39. Covered today • Revisit earlier materials • Maps • Images and textures • External tools • Procedural • Composite • Working with the library • Exporting files 3D Modelling Tools

40. Portfolio 10 • A word document with an annotated jpeg showing: • Procedural maps • Environment map • Bitmaps • Tiled • Cropped • Placed • Textured (use Bump channel) • Library materials 3D Modelling Tools

41. Questions • You have been asked to model race track for a game • Describe and discuss two methods of providing a background, recommend one • Describe two methods of modelling trees, evaluate both methods and recommend one • Describe how you would make a realistic checkerboard starting grid • Describe how you would add a logo to a section of a bridge 3D Modelling Tools

42. References • 3ds max v7, (2005) User Reference and Tutorials • Murdock K.L., (2005) 3DS Max 7 Bible, John Wiley & Sons Inc, ISBN: 0764579711 • Discreet , (2005) 3DS Max 7 Fundamentals and Beyond Courseware, Focal Press, ISBN:0240807391 3D Modelling Tools