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Immobilizing Enzymes

Immobilizing Enzymes. What Is Enzyme Immobilization?. So far… Batch / Continuous cultures Industrial enzyme production If you make enzymes you can save money using continuous cultures If you USE enzymes, how can you save a lot of money? Recycle the enzymes

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Immobilizing Enzymes

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  1. Immobilizing Enzymes

  2. What Is Enzyme Immobilization? • So far… • Batch/Continuous cultures • Industrial enzyme production • If you make enzymes you can save money using continuous cultures • If you USE enzymes, how can you save a lot of money? • Recycle the enzymes • Immobilize to isolate enzymes in a form that makes them easy to remove and reuse • Often isolate enzymes in jelly beads

  3. Jelly Beads! • Jelly Bead formation: • Dissolve enzymes in a calcium chloride solution • Add drops of sodium alginate • Two mix and instantly form jelly in shape of droplet • Enzymes are in beads and cover the surface • Advantages: • Reuse as long as beads are intact • Enzymes less sensitive to pH and Temp changes • Jelly helps prevent denaturing

  4. Milk for Lenard • Making Lactose-Free Milk: • What enzyme brakes down lactose? • Lactase • Lactase jelly beads are added to a column • Milk falls through column, lactase on beads breaks down lactose • Lactose-free milk collected at the bottom • Happy Lenard can have cheese, ice cream, and milk!

  5. More Ways to Save Money! • What if you only need to test for the presence of a compound or it level in a solution? • Glucose in blood • Small controlled application of an enzyme • Dipsticks stick with enzyme coated region that can be quickly check a solution

  6. Testing for Diabetes • Blood tests to examine glucose and insulin levels • This requires taking blood, a lab, and a series of tests • How else can we test for diabetes? • Glucose levels in urine • Glucose Oxidase Dipstick: • Enzyme changes glucose to gluconolactone which makes hydrogen peroxide • H2O2 changes color of dipstick • Lots of H2O2 = high glucose levels and possible diabetes

  7. Daily Testing • If you have diabetes, how to do you regulate your insulin levels? • Insulin injections • How do you know how much you need? • Measure blood glucose levels • Will have to do this multiple times a day • Biosensors • Electronic meter monitors levels based current produced • Glucose oxidase reaction produces small amount of electricity • Greater the electrical current the more glucose present

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