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Time Based Effects

Time Based Effects. How they work. take a copy of the audio (or many copies play it back slightly later than the original change the playback speed of the copy and mix it with the original Mostly digital. Different Types of Time-Based effects. Delay Reverb Chorusing Phasing Flanging.

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Time Based Effects

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  1. Time Based Effects

  2. How they work • take a copy of the audio (or many copies • play it back slightly later than the original • change the playback speed of the copy and mix it with the original • Mostly digital

  3. Different Types of Time-Based effects • Delay • Reverb • Chorusing • Phasing • Flanging

  4. Delay • A copy of the input signal is recorded, stored, and played back after a period of time. • Simulates reflections or an echo • Multi-tap • Early analog delays used tape loops • Digital delay uses a “sample-and-hold” design

  5. Reverb • In nature: a series of delayed and attenuated reflections • Reverb simulates the sound of a natural space • Early analog reverbs included bathrooms, plates, springs, and chambers • Digital reverbs can use delay algorithms or convolution

  6. Chorus/Unison • When two of the same type of instrument play the same note, there are slight differences in pitch and timbre • Your brain fuses this into one sound • e.g. a violin section • Electronic chorus effect plays a copy of the original signal which is slightly detuned and/or delayed

  7. Phasing • Uses an “all-pass” filter to change the phase relationship between high and low frequency components • This is mixed in with the original signal and phase cancellation occurs at different frequencies • Produces a “sweeping” effect

  8. Flanging • Flanger is similar to phaser except that a delay is used • This delay is constantly changing • Has a “sweeping” effect - sort of like a jet engine

  9. Common Controls • Wet/Dry - controls the mix of the effected signal to the original uneffected signal • Low pass filter - removes high frequency components from the original signal • Delay - sets the amount of time before the delayed signal will be played back • Depth/Rate - controls the LFO which modulates the pitch or amplitude of the effected signal • Feedback - sends a certain amount of the effected signal back through the delay line again - multi-tap delay

  10. Common reverb controls • Decay - controls how long the reverb will ring • Predelay - sets a delay time before the reverb begins to play back • Diffusion - sets how much “echo” will be present in the reverb

  11. Other time-based effects • Pitch shift – shifts the pitch of the sound by speeding up or slowing down playback time (think Chipmunks). • In the digital world, a sample rate conversion can be done to maintain the original tempo or duration • Time stretch/compression – maintains the original pitch while changing the tempo or duration of the sound • Several methods exist; two most prominent are phase vocoder and Time Domain Harmonic Scaling

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