The Latin West, 1200 - 1500

1. The Latin West, 1200 - 1500 What do you think of when you hear Latin? Where do you think of when you hear Latin?

2. City Growth and Problems • 1200 Most Europeans were peasants (serfs) • Population of Europe doubles from 1000 – 1445 • Opened new land that had poor soil quality to causing a decline in crop yields in 1250

3. The Black Death and Social Change • Ravaged Europe for 2 years from 1346-48 and periodically from 1300-1400 • Population decreased labor became more expensive ending serfdom • Living standards improved and incomes rose

4. Mines and Mills • 1200 – 1500 Windmills and watermills introduced = increased profits • Mining, iron working, quarries, and “tanning” increase = water pollution and deforestation

5. City revival • Trade and manufacturing contributes to growth of cities (Mongol Empire) • Venetians capture Constantinople in 1204 opening trade to central Asia with the Mongols • Italy grows as a sea trading city.

6. Civic life • European cities=City-states= freedom an social mobility • Jewish people lived in most European cities (diasporas) and blamed for things like the “Black Death”, and expelled from Spain. • Guilds – groups of people in the same job or trade, regulated access to trade routes • Women- Unskilled Non-Guild jobs • Growth in Commerce (Trade)--Medici Family in Florence rise as a banking family • Most money lenders were Jewish because the Catholic Church prohibited banking

7. Architecture • Gothic cathedrals were masterpieces of late medieval buildings • Marked by Gothic arches, high towers and spires, and large interiors lit by huge stained glass windows • Designers had no formal training, therefore learned through mistakes.

8. Learning, Literature, and Renaissance • After 1100 Western Europe had access to Greek and Arabic science and medicine • 1200ce - colleges and universities emerge • Universities specialized in subjects. Most prominent was THEOLOGY • The main concern of HUMANISTS was education.

9. Humanists and Printers • Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer (Canterbury Tales) – Authors • Petrarch and Boccaccio • Johann Gutenberg – developed printing press 1454, 10 million printed works by 1500

10. Renaissance Artists • 14th and 15th century depicted Greek and Roman Gods • Jan van Eyke’s development of realistic oil paintings • Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo • This rebirth started to happen all over the world

11. Political and Military Transformations • 13th century Europe had weak Monarchs with small treasuries • Development of armor piercing crossbow and firearms undermined the Knights • King Phillip the Fair of France reduced the power of the church when he arrested the pope and had a new (French) one installed • Norman invasion of England 1066 -> Magna Carta 1215 -> limited nobles power • Marriage alliances were formed to produce wars over inheritance

13. The Hundred Years War • France against England 1337 – 1453 • King Edward III of England claimed the French throne • Military tech. – crossbow, longbow, pike, firearms, canon • French superior canon tech. Finally beat the English and made the French monarchy stronger than ever. • JOAN OF ARC

14. New Monarchies in France and England • New military technology makes the castle and the knight obsolete • After 100 years war stronger central governments • End of 15th century power shifts from church to monarchs • Parliament is created in England • Estates-General created in France

15. Iberian Unification • Spain and Portugal emerge as strong states through marriage and reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims • Portugal established in 1249 and captured the Moroccan port of Ceuta opening TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE • Spain expelled all Muslims and Jews 1492

16. MAP Activity • TITLE = Europe 1200 – 1500 • SHADE = Portugal, Spain, France, England, Italy • INCLUDE 15 SYMBOLS = like the printing press, renaissance, etc… in the key • ON THE BACK: INCLUDE A TIMELINE WITH 7 MAJOR EVENTS OR TIME PERIODS: • THINK CONCRETE DETAILS. • Create a Level-3 Question for Thursday