1 / 13

Stem Rust Puccinia g raminis

Stem Rust Puccinia g raminis. Reagan Grabbe. Introduction. The importance of wheat Stem Rust: Puccinia graminis History and impact Causes and prevention. Wheat. First cereal cultivated Globally produced #1 source of vegetable protein worldwide. Stem Rust: Disease Profile.

marcellus
Download Presentation

Stem Rust Puccinia g raminis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Stem RustPucciniagraminis Reagan Grabbe

  2. Introduction • The importance of wheat • Stem Rust: Pucciniagraminis • History and impact • Causes and prevention

  3. Wheat • First cereal cultivated • Globally produced • #1 source of vegetable protein worldwide

  4. Stem Rust: Disease Profile • A heteroecious obligate parasite • Ideal conditions: Hot daytime, mild night temps, and nighttime dew • Infection often transferred by “volunteer wheat”

  5. Red Pustules • Spikes = • aerodynamic

  6. History • Was an issue in U.S. in early 20th Century -average yield loss: 20-50% • Controlled by resistant genesstarting in the 1950’s -Resistance genes were identified and mapped • Fungicide, not globally available or as economic • Stem rust was controlled effectively

  7. Ug99 • Discovered in Uganda in 1999 • Majority of resistance genes not effective • Has since spread to East Africa and Iran (Cornell university)

  8. Potential Impact and Solutions • Efforts to evaluate wheat for susceptibility -In U.S. alone almost all spring wheat and ~75% of winter wheat • Research to mass introduce current effective genes • Continued research on the genetic variation of Pucciniagraminishost-pathogen co-evolution • Chemical measures for prevention

  9. Possible Causes • Over use of only a few resistance genes • Poor regulation of Ug99 in rural areas • Warmer winters allows for survival of bridge plants

  10. Sources • Admassu, B. W. Friedt, and Frank Ordon. “ Genetic Characterization of Pucciniagraminisf.sp.tritici populations from SSRs.” Journal of Phytopathology. 158 (2010): 806-812 • Admassu, B. V. lind, W. Friedt and F. Ordon. “Virulence analysis of Puccininagraminisf.sp. tritici populations in Etheopia with special consideration of Ug99.” Plant Pathology58(2009): 362-369 • Admasssu, B. Dragon Perovic, Wolfgang Friedt, and Frank Ordon. “Genetic mapping of the stem rust(Pucciniagraminisf.sp.tritici) resistance gene Sr31 in wheat” Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 122 (2011): 643-648 • Joshi, A.K., B. Mishera, R. Chatrath, G. Oritz Ferrara, and Ravi P. Singh. “Wheat Improvement in India: present status, emerging challenges and future prospects.”Euphytica157 (2007): 431-446

  11. Sources • Olson, Eric L., Gina Brown-Guerdira, David S. Marshall, Yue Jin, Mohamed MErgoum, IagoLowe, and Jorge Dubcovsky. “ Genotyping of U.S. Wheat Germplasm for Presence of Stem Rust Resistance Genes Sr24, Sr36, and Sr1RSAmigo.” Crop Science50 (2010): 668-675 • Schuman, G.L. and K.J. Leonard. “Stem Rust of Wheat.” The Plant Health Instructor. 10 (2005): 1094-2000. • Simons, Kristin, Zwedie Abate, Shiaoman Chao, Wenjun Zhang, Matt Rouse, Yue Jin, Elias Elias, and Jorge Dubcovsky. “Genetic Mapping of stem rust resistance gene Sr31in tetraploid wheat.” Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 122(2011): 649-658 • Smith, Julian J., Jeff Waange, James W. Woodhall, Sam J. Bishop, Nicola J. Spence. “The challenge of providing plant pest diagnostic services for Africa” European Journal of Plant Pathology. 121 (2008): 365-375 • Visser, Botma, LiezelHerselman, and Zacharia A Pretorius. “Genetic comparison of Ug99 with selected South African races of Pucciniagraminisf.sp.tritici” Molecular Plant Pathology. 10 (2009): 213-222 • Wu, Shuangye, Michael Pumphrey, and GuihuaBai. “Molecular mapping of stem-rust-resistance gene Sr40 in wheat.” Crop Science 49 (2009): 1681-1686 • Xu, S.S., Y. Jin, D.L. Klindworth, R.R.-C Wang, and X. Cai. “Evaluation and characterization of Seedling Resistance to Stem Rust Ug99 Races in Wheat-Alien Species Derivatives. Crop Science. 49 (2009): 2167-2175 Yu, Long-Xi, Sixin Liu, James A. Anderson, Ravi, P. Singh, Yue Jin, Jorge Dubcovsky, • Gina Brown-Guidera, Sridhar Bhavani, AlexeyMorgounov, Zhonghu He, Julio Huerta-Espino, and Mark E. Sorrells. “Haplotype diversity of stem rust resistance loci in uncharacterized wheat lines.” Molecular Breeding. 26 (2010): 667-680 “Collectively Facing an Ugly Rust.” Agricultural Research. 2009: 22-23.

  12. QUESTIONS?Comments?

More Related