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Using MIS 4e Chapter 5 Database Processing

Using MIS 4e Chapter 5 Database Processing. Course Objectives. Objective 1: Understand information system concepts including input, processing, and output, data and information. Objective 2:

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Using MIS 4e Chapter 5 Database Processing

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  1. Using MIS 4e Chapter 5 Database Processing

  2. Course Objectives Objective 1: Understand information system concepts including input, processing, and output, data and information. Objective 2: Understand information system components including hardware, software, databases and telecommunications. Objective 10: Be able to use common personal productivity tools. Objective 11: Be able to create a database using a relational DBMS such as Access. Demonstrate the ability to create reports, queries and join two tables in the DBMS.

  3. What is a database?

  4. What is a database? Database: a collection of data, representing things that exist in the real world, and what we want to know about them.

  5. What is a database? Columns • Table • represents an entity – a person, place, thing, event • also called file • collection of related rows of data • Field • describes one characteristic of the entity (name, birth date, phone number, etc.) • also called column • related fields are grouped into rows Rows

  6. What is the advantage of a database? • Businesses use databases to organize and find information efficiently

  7. What is the advantage of a database? • Businesses use databases to organize and find information efficiently • Why not just use a spreadsheet?

  8. Database or Spreadsheet? Read the Guide on pages 158 - 159 Discuss the questions in a small group (questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

  9. What is the advantage of a database? • Why not just use a spreadsheet?

  10. Relational Database By eliminating the duplicate data, we eliminate data integrity problems.

  11. Relational Database Splitting the banking data into separate tables allows each table to represent a single topic or theme. Connections between tables are called relationships.

  12. Relational Database • A primary key identifies a unique row in a table

  13. Relational Database • A primary key is linked to a matching field on another table to create a relationship • The matching field is known as a foreign key

  14. Is the data for long-term storage (as opposed to a work-in-progress)? • Do multiple people need access to the data? (at the same time?) • Do we need controls on the data to protect against erroneous entries? • Is a large part of the data redundant? How will a business determine whether they need a database or a spreadsheet? Database! • Are we trying to track a simple list of data? • Do we want to easily create charts and graphs? • Do we need to crunch numbers and perform automatic calculations? • Do we need to create "What-if" scenarios ? Spreadsheet!

  15. How will a business determine what tables and relationships are needed?

  16. Database design using data modeling • Users and developers would work together to design a data model • Why? • A data model represents real business data and real relationships between business entities MEMBER CHAPTER ChapterID Member ID Chapter Name Inception Date Advisor URL First Name Last Name Address City State Postal Code Phone Email Major ….

  17. Database design using data modeling • An entity-relationship data model (ERD) shows… • entities that will be represented in the database • relationships between those entities • Entities • something we want to track (people, things, places, events) • can be a physical object or a logical transaction • have attributes that describe its ________. • Example? • Identifier • an attribute whose value is associated with one and only one occurrence of the entity • Example?

  18. Database design using data modeling

  19. Database design using data modeling Transactions Account SD Box Customer Transactions Account Transactions Customer Account Transactions SD Box Customer Transactions Account SD Box Customer Account Transactions SD Box

  20. Database design using data modeling Transactions • Relationships between entities can be… • one-to-one – 1:1 • one-to-many – 1:N • many-to-many – N:M Account SD Box Customer Transactions Account Transactions Customer Account Transactions SD Box Customer Transactions Account SD Box Customer Account Transactions SD Box Safe Deposit Box Customer Account Transactions

  21. Database design using data modeling Customer Account Transactions

  22. With a partner, continue creating the data model for the bank example, including the loans. Show entities, identifiers, attributes. • This is a credit assignment – make sure everyone gets their name on the sheet that you turn in. Clear and legible writing is required.

  23. Using databases to answer business questions • Using queries, we can ask questions of the database • results will always be based on current data • less time managing data – more time using the information to make business decisions

  24. What are the components of a database application system? • To be useful, data in a database table must be easily managed and turned into useful information.

  25. What are the components of a database application system?

  26. What are the components of a database application system? • A DBMS is a software program, and a database is a collection of tables, relationships and metadata. • Popular DBMS products include: • With DBMS, users… • create or modify tables and relationships • read, insert, modify, or delete data • Structured Query Language (SQL), standard language used by most major DBMS • administer a database • What kinds of tasks might this include?

  27. How do database applications make databases more useful?

  28. How do database applications make databases more useful? • Applications allow database processing over the Internet. • http://www.Amazon.com

  29. How do database applications make databases more useful? A single database can support multiple users doing many different tasks. • must be managed properly to avoid problems: • Potential update loss because two users update same data at the same time • Possible data conflicts • Enterprise DBMS can support thousands of users • Many different database applications • 24/7 operations • DB2, SQL Server, Oracle

  30. How do database applications make databases more useful? • Personal DBMS • Smaller, simpler applications • Fewer than 100 users • Microsoft Access is both a DBMS and application development product Fig 5-14 Personal Database System

  31. How is a data model transformed into a database design? Customer Account

  32. How is a data model transformed into a database design? What are the problems with this data? How is the data in this table related? • How many Justin Lee’s are there? • What other activities do we offer? • What happens to pitch/catch if Amanda Liddle drops out? • What if the price of golf lessons changes? • Converting a poorly structured table into two or more well-structured tables is called normalization.

  33. How is a data model transformed into a database design? • Normalizing the tables by splitting the Student data into a separate table allows each table to describe a single topic or theme. • By eliminating the duplicate data, you eliminate data integrity problems.

  34. What is the user's role in the development of databases? Identify business rules • The user’s role is to • decide what data should be included and how records should relate to one another • be the final judge of how well the database will serve your needs. Do not go forward until the data model is accurate. • When is the best time to change the way a database is structured?

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