Brussels, Belgium

TIME Brussels, Belgium Big Ben London,England Clock Tower,Munich, Germany

chronology Arrangement of events in order of their occurrence in time… This is chronological order: 1776, 1865, 1945, 2001. This is NOT chronological order: 1999, 1066, 1495.

Chron- word root • There are many words in the English language that have a chron- word root. • See if you can guess their meanings: chronic (as in a chronic illness)

chronic • Lasting over a long period of time • Next word: chronicle as in The Augusta Chronicle

chronicle • A detailed account of historical events • Next word: chronometer

chronometer • A precise instrument for measuring time; in other words, a watch or clock!

A, B, C, D … • The above letters are in alphabetical sequence, BUT if you are talking about TIME, the proper sequence or chronology is BC - AD! • BC = Before Christ • AD = anno domini, Latin for “in the year of our Lord.” In other words, after the birth of Christ. (NOT “after death”!)

AD is NOT “after death”! • Let’s see why AD cannot be “after death.” These are years BC Years after Christ’s death to present The Year 0 Birth of Christ AD 33 Death of Christ If AD means “after death,” what do you do with the years in red area? You must account for them.

CE and BCE • CE stands for Common or Current Era and refers to the same period of time that AD describes. • BCE stands for Before the Common or Current Era and describes the same time period as BC. • The Gregorian calendar, introduced by Pope Gregory II in 1582, is the most widely used calendar throughout the world. It counts years from the birth of Christ. • Being sensitive to non-Christians,museums and books often use the abbreviations CE and BCE.

Museum Labels An ERA is a period of time characterized by specific events, such as the Depression Era. Notice the BCE. BCE represents the phrase “Before the Common Era,” meaning before the birth of Christ.It is the same as BC. Clay vase from Dimini. Late Neolithic Era, (5300 4800 BCE). National Museum, Athens, Greece

A Real Time Piece Dali’s The Persistence of Memory 1931 This work was painted in AD 1931 or 1,931 years after the birth of Christ. AD is the same as CE. (If there are no letters, it is AD.)

BC/BCE and AD/CE Order BC or BCE AD or CE 25BC AD 25 AD50 AD 2010 50 BC Birth of Christ • On the left side of the main event (Birth of Christ), numbers decrease because as you get closer to the midline, you are fewer years from the main event. It is just like a countdown to a rocket launch: 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, etc. • On the right side of the main event, numbers increase, as you are getting more and more years distant from the main event. One year ago, 2 years ago, 3 years ago, etc.

How Many Years? Cross the little + sign? ADD! • Look at this simple timeline: BC or BCE AD or CE 50 BC AD50 25BC AD 25 AD 2010 Birth of Christ • How many years from 50 BC to 25 BC? (Subtract if you stay on the right or left of the dividing line.) • How many years from 25 BC to AD 50? (Cross the center line and add.)

Now, a Quick Quiz… • What is chronological order? • Why might an allergy problem be referred to as a chronic health problem? • What are the meanings of BC, AD, BCE, and CE? • Why can’t AD mean “after death”? • Is your birthday BC or AD? • If a date has no letters, is it CE or BCE?

Remember the Rule! • Stay on one side and subtract. (All BC or all AD) • Cross the center line (BC + AD) and add. • How many years from 200 BC to 10 BC? • How many years from 1776 to 2010? • How many years from 833 BC to AD1066?

Remember the Rule! • How many years from 200 BC to 10 BC? Only on one side, so subtract – 190 years • How many years from 1776 to 2010? Only one side, so subtract - 234 years • How many years from 833 BC to AD1066? Both sides, so you add – 1,899 years.

Collective Terms for Years • When we talk of events that take place over periods of time, we often gather groups of years together in small or large groupings. • Epoch – a particular, usually important period of history, beginning with a significant event. example: In 1418, the Portuguese began exploring the coast of Africa, beginning the Age or Epoch of Discovery, which continued into the 1700s. • Era – a specific period in history, such as the Civil War era or the Vietnam era.

Word Confusions • Don’t mispronounce or confuse these two sets of words: era and error, epoch and epic. • era = time period error = mistake • epoch = time period epic= long narrative poem, usually telling about events in a great or epic hero’s life

Some More Time Collections • Annual = occurring once in a year. Christmas is an ________ celebration, as is Ramadan. • Perennial = keeps occurring year after year. Flowers that come back year after year and do not have to be re-planted each year are_____. Pansies are annuals, but dandelions are perennial.

More Time Terms • Decade = period of ten years • Score = 20 years Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. (From Abraham’s Gettysburg Address 1863)

Now for a few Brain Teasers… • How many years is “Four score and seven years” ? • What year was the Gettysburg Address presented? • During what war was it presented? • To what important year in American history was Lincoln referring? • (Write your answers down and let’s see how close you come!)

And Now…Final Jeopardy! • How many years is “Four score and seven years” ? (87) • What year was the Gettysburg Address presented? (1863) • During what war was it presented? (American Civil War) • To what important year in American history was Lincoln referring? From 1863, subtract 87. (1776 – the year we became a nation and declared ourselves independent from GB!)

More Year Collections • Century = 100 years • Cent- is an important root word. • 100 cents = $1 • Centigram = 1/100 gram • Centipede = 100 legged insect • Centurian = commander of a group of 100 soldiers in the Roman army • Percent = per 100 parts

And the Last Year Collection! • Millennium = 1,000 years • The plural of millennium is millennia. • In what millennium were you born? • In what millennium are you now living?

Speaking of Centuries… • What year was I born? You? • 19 - - 20 - - • What century was that when I was born? You? • The 20th century! The 21st century. • To find out why, go to the next slide.

To find the century, add 1 • 1900s – 20th century (My birth century) • 2010 – 21st century (Century you now live in) • 1400s – 15th century • Here’s why…. By the time you celebrate your first birthday, you have already lived through that entire year. And are beginning on the second year. By the time you have completed 1-99 years, that is the first century or first 100 years completed. Years 100 – 199, you are then in the second century or second set of 100 years.

Same Game – Just Add One! Same idea with years BC: • 565 BC is the 6th century BC. (5+ sets of 100) • 989BC is the 10th century BC (9+ sets of 100) Same idea with millennia: • You live in the year 2010, which is the 21st century. (There are 20 + sets of 100 years.) It is the 3rd millennium, as there are 2+ sets of 1000. • 28,540 years BC would be the 29th millennium BC. (There are 28+ sets of 1000 in 28,540.)

Now…. • Work out the problems on the worksheet. • Refer to the PowerPoint if you need to review any concepts. • I hope you had a GREAT TIME viewing this PowerPoint!!!

Brussels, Belgium