WRC Research Project K5/1965 Activity 4:

1. LETSEMA CIRCLE TRUST WRC Research Project K5/1965 Activity 4: Framework for mainstreaming adaptive & integrative management approaches John Colvin

2. Focus for reporting against TOR1: A framework for integrative adaptive management approaches and TOR7: A final report on mainstreaming climate change adaptation options • Aim 1: Create an adaptive and integrated management approach tailored to South Africa that takes into account the constant changing target of reducing vulnerabilities, especially in the context of climate change. • This work will also build on the outcomes of K5/1843. • A policy implementation plan will focus on the Water for Growth & Development strategy • Method: …such an an innovative approach will have to include characteristics of good governance, adaptive management and leadership. The fusion of outcomes from WRC project K5/1843 which includes a focus on social learning approaches to adaptive governance will provide a starting point but needs to be tailored to the WfGD strategy • Product 1: A final report on mainstreaming climate change adaptation options

3. D1a: Policy context, history and options D1c. Praxes and designs for change including social learning processes • D1b: Narratives & conceptual frameworks for change, development & adaptation – including for climate change adaptation and mainstreaming • Historical context for National Water Act: rebalancing priorities: more for the poorest and for a healthy catchment • How does DWA understand ‘implementation’? • How does DWA understand the ‘development process’…transformation…adaptation…’mainstreaming’? • How do we ourselves use these frameworks to design the ‘change process’ that this project engages in over the next 18 months? • Focus of National Water Act: IWRM, subsidiarity & collaborative governance, (adaptive management) • How should we understand these processes? – what does the literature (and our own expertise) tell us? • Which model(s) of change and why? • Which design principles and why? • Which opportunities for change (windows) are we targeting and why? • Which stakeholders will we engage and why? • How emergent? How planned? • Models of integration in IWRM? • Models of adaptive management in IWRM? • Frameworks/models include: • Adaptive/expedient • Transformation of SES (RA) • Pathways for change (STEPS) • Social learning (SLIM, Watercourse) • Socio-technical transitions • Innovation systems • Innovation quadrants • Relationship between science, policy, implementation, leadership & intermediaries key to all models • History of implementing the NWA and the NWRS – S/W/O/T • Significance of climate change as a new policy driver – speaks to: • Resilient catchment ecosystems • Adaptive capacity of most vulnerable • Acknowledging uncertainties, shocks & stresses • Adaptive management approaches • Create design of stakeholder learning pathway over the next 18 months and implement it • How do we articulate this policy narrative (in the context of our understanding of how change happens)? • How can we help DWA change its understanding of how policy implementation works & therefore its role, by inviting them to look through the lenses of these frameworks?

4. D1a: Policy context, history and options D1c. Praxes and designs for change including social learning processes • D1b: Narratives & conceptual frameworks for change, development & adaptation – including for climate change adaptation and mainstreaming • Historical context for National Water Act: rebalancing priorities: more for the poorest and for a healthy catchment • How does DWA understand ‘implementation’? • How does DWA understand the ‘development process’…transformation…adaptation…’mainstreaming’? • How do we ourselves use these frameworks to design the ‘change process’ that this project engages in over the next 18 months? • Focus of National Water Act: IWRM, subsidiarity & collaborative governance, (adaptive management) • How should we understand these processes? – what does the literature (and our own expertise) tell us? • Which model(s) of change and why? • Which design principles and why? • Which opportunities for change (windows) are we targeting and why? • Which stakeholders will we engage and why? • How emergent? How planned? • Models of integration in IWRM? • Models of adaptive management in IWRM? • Frameworks/models include: • Adaptive/expedient (IWMI) • Transformation of SES (RA) • Pathways for change (STEPS) • Social learning (SLIM, Watercourse) • Socio-technical transitions • Innovation systems • Innovation quadrants • Relationship between science, policy, implementation, leadership & intermediaries key to all models • History of implementing the NWA and the NWRS – S/W/O/T • Significance of climate change as a new policy driver – speaks to: • Resilient catchment ecosystems • Adaptive capacity of most vulnerable • Acknowledging uncertainties, shocks & stresses • Adaptive management approaches • Create design of stakeholder learning pathway over the next 18 months and implement it • How do we articulate this policy narrative (in the context of our understanding of how change happens)? • How can we help DWA change its understanding of how policy implementation works & therefore its role, by inviting them to look through the lenses of these frameworks?

5. D1a: Policy context, history and options Sustainable livelihoods approach Facilitation skills IWRM approach Infrastructure Economics Ecosystem services approach Adaptive learning approach • Historical context for National Water Act: rebalancing priorities: more for the poorest and for a healthy catchment • Focus of National Water Act: IWRM, subsidiarity & collaborative governance, (adaptive management) • Models of integration in IWRM? • Models of adaptive management in IWRM? • History of implementing the NWA and the NWRS – S/W/O/T • Significance of climate change as a new policy driver – speaks to: • Resilient catchment ecosystems • Adaptive capacity of most vulnerable • Acknowledging uncertainties, shocks & stresses • Adaptive management approaches • How do we articulate this policy narrative (in the context of our understanding of how change happens)?

6. D1a: Policy context, history and options • Historical context for National Water Act: rebalancing priorities: more for the poorest and for a healthy catchment • Focus of National Water Act: IWRM, subsidiarity & collaborative governance, (adaptive management) • Models of integration in IWRM? • Models of adaptive management in IWRM? • History of implementing the NWA and the NWRS – S/W/O/T • Significance of climate change as a new policy driver – speaks to: • Resilient catchment ecosystems • Adaptive capacity of most vulnerable • Acknowledging uncertainties, shocks & stresses • Adaptive management approaches • How do we articulate this policy narrative (in the context of our understanding of how change happens)?

7. D1b: Narratives & conceptual frameworks for change, development & adaptation – including for climate change adaptation and mainstreaming • How does DWA understand ‘implementation’? • How does DWA understand the ‘development process’…transformation…adaptation…’mainstreaming’? • How should we understand these processes? – what does the literature (and our own expertise) tell us? • Frameworks/models include: • Adaptive/expedient (IWMI) • Transformation of SES (RA) • Pathways for change (STEPS) • Social learning (SLIM, Watercourse) • Socio-technical transitions • Innovation systems • Innovation quadrants • Relationship between science, policy, implementation, leadership & intermediaries key to all models • How can we help DWA change its understanding of how policy implementation works & therefore its role, by inviting them to look through the lenses of these frameworks?

8. Design for Watercourse systemic inquiry May 07 – March 09 DWAF (Pretoria) policy learning & policy influencing National DWAF (KZN) staff development programme Provincial ICMA ‘master planning’ dialogue Catchment ICMA staff development programme Sub-catchment Mvoti sub-catchment dialogue Community

9. How multi-level governance can either contribute to or protect against both community and to systemic vulnerabilities Realigning the centre Empowering the local & provincial government levels Empowered communities 5 The centre providing strategic direction, redistribution and oversight, and responsive to community and LG/provincial level realities 4 The province/region supportive and supervising local government 3 At local government level services facilitated, provided or promoted effectively and responsively, coordinated and held accountable 2 A responsive, active and accessible network of local service providers 1 People active and involved in managing their own development

10. Multi-level learning about sustainable livelihoods within DSD 1. Mandate of DSD includes 3 pillars: Social Security; Social Welfare & Community Development. But pre-2006, interpretation of community development is very narrow 3. Review of 21 nodes by DSD in the context of the SLA and community-driven development approach 4.1 Policy framework incorporating SLA 4.2 National consultation process 5. Provincial SLA program 4.3 Development of SLA toolkit for CDPs 2. Khanya undertakes 2006 & 2008 evaluation of 15 rural nodes (Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Program) and 6 urban nodes (Urban Renewal Program) 4.4 Capacity building sessions for Community Development Practitioners (CDPs)

11. Who should lead change processes: The role of formal leaders and of innovation intermediaries Kilelu C, Klerkx L, Leeuwis C, Hall A (2011) Beyond Knowledge Brokerage: An Exploratory Study of Innovation Intermediaries in an Evolving Smallholder Agricultural System in Kenya. RIU DISCUSSION PAPER 13 (www.researchintouse.com)

12. D1c. Praxes and designs for change including social learning processes • How do we ourselves use these frameworks to design the ‘change process’ that this project engages in over the next 18 months? • Which model(s) of change and why? • Which design principles and why? • Which opportunities for change (windows) are we targeting and why? • Which stakeholders will we engage and why? • How emergent? How planned? • Create design of stakeholder learning pathway over the next 18 months and implement it