Westward Expansion

1. Westward Expansion U.S. History Chapter 13

2. Lure of Oregon • Families in search of good farmland kept moving farther west • Oregon Country: huge region west of the Rocky Mountains. Plentiful rainfall and mild climate • 1818: U.S. & Britain agreed to occupy Oregon jointly. Spain & Russia withdrew.

3. Fur Trappers in Far West • 1st Europeans and Americans in Oregon Country were fur trappers • Mountain men: rugged individualists who lived off the land • Rendezvous: place where people meet

4. Fur Trappers in Far West • Fur trade died; trappers led settlers west • Showed Indian trails to settlers heading west • Discovered mountain passes that became major routes

5. Missionaries in Oregon • Missionaries were 1stpermanentwhite Americans to settle in Oregon. • Plan to convert Native Americans to Christianity • Helped create interest in new territories

6. West to Oregon • Oregon Trail, leaving from Independence, Missouri to West • Difficult journey: sickness was biggest threat. • Bad weather, hostile Native Americans

7. Americans in Texas • Mexicans agreed to let Americans settle in Texas • Mexico feared losing Texas to the U.S.; began conflict with settlers • Settlers felt no loyalty to Mexico

8. Americans in Texas • Alamo: outnumbered Texans resisted Mexican troops • Siege: enemy forces surround and try to capture a city or fort • Fall of the Alamo: Texans wantedrevenge

9. Texas becomes Republic • Texans defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto • Texans became independent republic after the battle • Mexico refused to recognize Texas independence

10. Texas becomes State • Texas admitted to Union in 1845 • Congress passed a joint resolution accepting annexation treaty • Annex: to add on

11. Santa Fe Trail • Santa Fe Trail: ran from Missouri to the New Mexico Territory in the west • Missouri merchants were 1st travelers along this route

12. Santa Fe Trail • Mountain man, William Becknell, was 1st to lead settlers along the Santa Fe trail.

13. Manifest Destiny

14. Manifest Destiny • America would expand from coast to coast • Americans believed westward expansion would offer new economic opportunities

15. Polk Declares War • President Polk favored expansion • When American and Mexican troops clashed near the Rio Grande, Polk urged Congress to declare war on Mexico

16. New Mexico added to U.S. • U.S. acquired New Mexico territory as result of the Mexican War • Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo: Mexican cession • Cede: give up territory

17. Mormons Settle Utah • Seeking refuge from religious persecution • Refuge: a safe place • Social and religious values clashed with those of other settlers

18. California Gold Rush • Sutter’s Mill caused “gold fever.” • ’49ers • Greed led to vigilantes & lynching; self-appointed law enforcement hanged accused without a trial

19. Cultural Mix • American, Spanish, Mexican, Native American, Chinese Americans, African Americans rushed to CA

20. Native Americans • Lived under both Spanish and Mexican rule: worked on missions and ranches • Mistreated • Native Americans lost land and lives after Gold Rush

21. Mexican Influences • Mexicans influenced American culture in the Southwest by teaching new irrigation techniques and mining skills.

22. Good Luck on your test!

23. Review • Who were the first permanent American white settlers in Oregon? • A. Fur Trappers • B. Missionaries • C. Mormons

24. Review • Who were the first permanent American white settlers in Oregon? • A. Fur Trappers • B. Missionaries • C. Mormons

25. Review • What does “lynch” mean? • A. give up • B. attack in which enemy forces surround and try to capture a city • C. execute without a legal trial

26. Review • What does “lynch” mean? • A. give up • B. attack in which enemy forces surround and try to capture a city • C. execute without a legal trial

27. Review • What is a “rendezvous”? • A. place were one is safe • B. place were people meet • C. place of execution

28. Review • What was the biggest threat to those who traveled West in wagon trains? • A. illnesses such as cholera • B. lack of leadership • C. snowstorms

29. Review • What was the biggest threat to those who traveled West in wagon trains? • A. illnesses such as cholera • B. lack of leadership • C. snowstorms

30. Review • Why did American settlers in Texas come into conflict with Mexico in the 1830s? • Settlers wanted to throw out the Mexican constitution • Mexico wanted to sell Texas to Spain • Mexico feared losing Texas to the U.S.

31. Review • Why did American settlers in Texas come into conflict with Mexico in the 1830s? • Settlers wanted to throw out the Mexican constitution • Mexico wanted to sell Texas to Spain • Mexico feared losing Texas to the U.S.

32. Review • What led settlers and trappers to move to Oregon and the Far West in the 1820s? • Offers of jobs in the shipbuilding industry • Lure of fertile lands, plentiful rainfall and mild climate • The absence of Native Americans

33. Review • What led settlers and trappers to move to Oregon and the Far West in the 1820s? • Offers of jobs in the shipbuilding industry • Lure of fertile lands, plentiful rainfall and mild climate • The absence of Native Americans

34. Review • Why did the Mormons move west to settle in Utah? • They sought jobs on the railroads • They wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity • They hoped to escape religious persecution

35. Review • Why did the Mormons move west to settle in Utah? • They sought jobs on the railroads • They wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity • They hoped to escape religious persecution

36. Review • What is a “siege”? • Place where one is safe • Attack in which enemy forces surround and try to capture a city or fort • Place where people meet

37. Review • What is a “siege”? • Place where one is safe • Attack in which enemy forces surround and try to capture a city or fort • Place where people meet

38. Review • How did the U.S. and Britain settle their dispute over Oregon? • The U.S. bought the territory from Britain • The U.S. and Britain agreed to divide the land • The U.S. seized the land with military force

39. Review • How did the U.S. and Britain settle their dispute over Oregon? • The U.S. bought the territory from Britain • The U.S. and Britain agreed to divide the land • The U.S. seized the land with military force

40. Review • Which group of rugged individualists lived off the land in Oregon? • Mountain Men • Missionaries • Tejanos

41. Review • Which group of rugged individualists lived off the land in Oregon? • Mountain Men • Missionaries • Tejanos

42. Review • What does “cede” mean? • To meet • Give up • Attack enemies by surrounding the city or fort

43. Review • What does “cede” mean? • To meet • Give up • Attack enemies by surrounding the city or fort

44. Review • Mexicans influenced American culture in the Southwest by • Teaching Americans how to hunt in the desert • Teaching Americans new irrigation techniques and mining skills • Changing Americans’ views about Manifest Destiny

45. Review • Mexicans influenced American culture in the Southwest by • Teaching Americans how to hunt in the desert • Teaching Americans new irrigation techniques and mining skills • Changing Americans’ views about Manifest Destiny

46. Review • What final incident caused President Pok to urge Congress to declare war on Mexico? • The U.S. expanded to the Pacific ocean • American and Mexican troops clashed near the Rio Grande • Mexico rejected Polk’s offer to buy CA and NM

47. Review • What final incident caused President Pok to urge Congress to declare war on Mexico? • The U.S. expanded to the Pacific ocean • American and Mexican troops clashed near the Rio Grande • Mexico rejected Polk’s offer to buy CA and NM

48. Review • Which of the following caused Texans to seek revenge against Santa Anna’s troops? • The fall of the Alamo • The treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo • The battle of San Jacinto

49. Review • Which of the following caused Texans to seek revenge against Santa Anna’s troops? • The fall of the Alamo • The treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo • The battle of San Jacinto

50. Review • What is a “refuge”? • Place where one is safe from persecution • Place where people meet • Place where people are executed