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Fundamentals of N uclear M agnetic R esonance

Fundamentals of N uclear M agnetic R esonance. Introduction. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( NMR ) : discovered by F. Block and E. Purcell in 1946 Standard spectroscopic technique NMR Imaging : P. Lauterbur(1973), P. Mansfield (1973), and R. Damadian(1971). Angular Momentum ：. Type ：

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Fundamentals of N uclear M agnetic R esonance

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  1. Fundamentals of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

  2. Introduction • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) : discovered by F. Block and E. Purcell in 1946 • Standard spectroscopic technique • NMR Imaging : P. Lauterbur(1973), P. Mansfield (1973), and R. Damadian(1971).

  3. Angular Momentum： • Type： • Orbital • Spin • Nuclear spin；I • The spin of unpaired neutrons or protons. • I = 0；nuclei with even numbers of protons and neutron. • I = ± (1/2)n（ n is an integer ）； Net nuclear angular momentum La：angular momentum m：mass v：velocity

  4. 體內各核種的相對靈敏度

  5. 磁偶極矩(Magnetic Dipole Moment) • 磁偶極矩(磁矩；M) • 質子自旋產生磁矩 r : 旋磁比(gryomagnetic ratio) I : 核自旋(nuclear spin) • 1H、13C、19F、23Na、31P

  6. Larmor equation • Larmor frequency：ω • 1.5 Tesla下氫原子核的旋進頻率為 63.866MHz

  7. T1 curve

  8. T2 decay curve

  9. Image Characteristics • SNR • Resolution • Time • Relaxation Effects • Trade Offs

  10. MRI Artifacts • Chemical Shift Artifacts • Aliasing • Black Boundary Artifacts • Gibbs or Truncation Artifacts • Zipper Artifacts • Phase-encoded Motion Artifacts • Entry Slice Phenomenon • Slice-overlap Artifacts • Magic Angle Effects • Moire Fringes • RF Overflow Artifacts • Central Point Artifact • Susceptibility Artifacts • Zero-fill Artifact (Zebra Artifact)

  11. Chemical Shift Artifacts

  12. Aliasing or "Wrap-around "

  13. Electronics and Data Processing

  14. Coil

  15. Angiography • DSA

  16. MRA

  17. CT angiography

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