INTERNET TECHNOLOGY

INTERNET TECHNOLOGY PROF.B.N. KUMBHAR 2NET, 2SET, M. L. I. Sc. M., Phil , PGDLIM, PGDLAN. Ph.D (Pursuing) Librarian DADA PATIL MAHAVIDYALAYA, KARJAT, DIST -AHMEDNAGAR E-mail: kumbharbn@gmail.com COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

MODERN SOCIETY • Modern society, or modernity, is defined as people living together in the current time. • An example of modern society is the current political, sociological, scientific and artistic climate COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data,[1] often in the context of a business or other enterprise.[2] The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, e-commerce and computer services. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

NETWORK • Artificial neural network • Biological network • Business networking • Computer network • Electrical network • Neural network • Radio network • Social network • Telecommunications network • Television network • Universities network COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

SOFTWARE • software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. Computer software contrasts with computer hardware, which is the physical component of computers. Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used without the other. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

COMPUTER HARDWARE • Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that can be touched.[1] In contrast, software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

HARDWARE TYPES • Computer hardware, the collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system • Graphics hardware, computer hardware that enables computers to produce and show computer graphics • Networking hardware, devices facilitating the use of a computer network • Server hardware, computer hardware dedicated to run one or more services, as a network host • Open-source hardware, physical artifacts of technology designed and offered in the same manner as free and open source software • Electronic hardware, interconnected electronic components • Electronic component, a basic electronic element • Digital electronics, the hardware used by digital computer systems that can be controlled by software COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

COMPUTER MEMORY • In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs (sequences of instructions) or data (e.g. program state information) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digitalelectronic device. The term primary memory is used for the information in physical systems which function at high-speed (i.e. RAM), as a distinction from secondary memory, which are physical devices for program and data storage which are slow to access but offer higher memory capacity. If needed, primary memory can be stored in secondary memory, through a memory management technique called "virtual memory". An archaic synonym for memory is store COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

GOOGLE • Google/ɡuːɡ(ə)l/ is an Americanmultinational corporation specializing in Internet-related services and products. These include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, and software.[7] Most of its profits are derived from AdWords.[8][9] • Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University. Together they own about 14 percent of its shares but control 56 of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering followed on August 19, 2004. Its mission statement from the outset was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful,"[10] and its unofficial slogan was "Don't be evil."[11][12]In 2004, Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

WEB SEARCH ENGINE • A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs). The information may be a mix of web pages, images, and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories, which are maintained only by human editors, search engines also maintainreal-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

YAHOO • Yahoo! Inc. is an American multinational Internet corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. It is globally known for its Web portal, search engineYahoo Search, and related services, including Yahoo Directory,Yahoo Mail, Yahoo News, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Groups, Yahoo Answers, advertising, online mapping, video sharing, fantasy sports and its social media website. It is one of the most popular sites in the United States.[2]According to news sources, roughly 700 million people visit Yahoo websites every month.[3][4] Yahoo itself claims it attracts "more than half a billion consumers every month in more than 30 languages. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

Deep Web Technology • Deep Web Technologies is a software company that specializes in mining the Deep Web — the part of the Internet that is not directly searchable through ordinary web search engines COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

WEB2.0 • Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that use technology beyond the static pages of earlier Web sites. The term was coined in 1999 by Darcy DiNucci and was popularized by Tim O'Reilly at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in late 2004.[1][2] Although Web 2.0 suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to any technical specification, but rather to cumulative changes in the way Web pages are made and used. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

WIKIPEDIA • Wikipedia is a free-access, free contentInternet encyclopedia, supported and hosted by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Anyone who can access the site[5] can edit almost any of its articles. Wikipedia is the sixth-most popular website[4] and constitutes the Internet's largest and most popular general reference work.[6][7][8] As of February 2014, it has 18 billion page views and nearly 500 million unique visitors each month. • Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger launched Wikipedia on January 15, 2001. Sanger[10] coined its name,[11] a portmanteauof wiki (from the Hawaiianword for "quick")[12] and encyclopedia. Although Wikipedia's content was initially only in English, it quickly became multilingual, through the launch of versions in different languages. All versions of Wikipedia are similar, but important differences exist in content and in editing practices. The English Wikipedia is now one of more than 200 Wikipedias, but remains the largest one, with over 4.6 million articles. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

YOUTUBE • YouTube is a video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005 and has been owned by Google since late 2006.[4] The site allows users to upload, view, and share videos, and it makes use of AdobeFlash Video and HTML5 technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media video. Available content includes video clips, TV clips, music videos, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos. • Most of the content on YouTube has been uploaded by individuals, but media corporations including CBS, the BBC,Vevo, Hulu, and other organizations offer some of their material via YouTube, as part of the YouTube partnership program.[5] Unregistered users can watch videos, and registered users can upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos considered to contain potentially offensive content are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old. YouTube, LLC was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion in November 2006 and now operates as a Google subsidiary COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

TWITTER • Twitter is an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short 140-character messages called "tweets". • Registered users can read and post tweets, but unregistered users can only read them. Users access Twitter through the website interface, SMS, or mobile device app.[10] Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco and has more than 25 offices around the world [11] • Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Evan Williams, Biz Stone and Noah Glass and by July 2006 the site was launched. The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity, with more than 100 million users who in 2012 posted 340 million tweets per day.[12] The service also handled 1.6 billion search queries per day.[13][14][15] In 2013 Twitter was one of the ten most-visited websites, and has been described as "the SMS of the Internet. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

Amazon.com • Amazon.com, Inc./ˈæməzɒn/ is an American international electronic commerce company with headquarters in Seattle,Washington, United States. It is the world's largestinternet company, based on revenue and number of employees.[12][13] Amazon.com started as an online bookstore, but soon diversified, selling DVDs, VHSs, CDs, video andMP3 downloads/streaming, software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry. The company also produces consumer electronics—notably, Amazon Kindlee-book readers, Kindle Firetablets, Fire TV and Fire Phone — and is a major provider of cloud computing services. • Jeff Bezos incorporated the company (as Cadabra) on July 5, 1994[14] and the site went online as Amazon.com in 1995.[15] Bezos changed the name cadabra.com to amazon.com because it sounded too much like cadaver. Additionally, a name beginning with "A" was preferential due to the probability it would occur at the top of any list that was alphabetized. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

BOOKMARK • In the context of the World Wide Web, a bookmark is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that is stored for later retrieval in any of various storage formats. All modern web browsers include bookmark features. Bookmarks are called favorites or Internet shortcuts in Internet Explorer, and by virtue of that browser's large market share, these terms have been synonymous with bookmark since the first browser war.[1] Bookmarks are normally accessed through a menu in the user's web browser, and folders are commonly used for organization. In addition to bookmarking methods within most browsers, many external applications offer bookmark management. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

PINTEREST • Pinterest is a web and mobile application company that offers a visual discovery, collection, sharing, and storage tool. Users create and share the collections of visual bookmarks (boards). Boards are created through a user selecting an item, page, website, etc. and pinning it to an existing or newly created board. Users save and share pins from multiple resources onto boards based on a plethora of criteria, e.g., similar characteristics, a theme, birthday parties, planning a vacation, writing a book, interior decorating, holidays. Boards can develop projects, organize events, or save pictures and data together. The site was founded by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra and Evan Sharp. It is managed by Cold Brew Labs and funded by a small group of entrepreneurs and investors COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

INTAGRAM • Instagram is an online mobilephoto-sharing, video-sharing and social networking service that enables its users to take pictures and videos, and share them on a variety of social networking platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr andFlickr.[7] A distinctive feature is that it confines photos to a square shape, similar to Kodak Instamatic and Polaroidimages, in contrast to the 4:3 aspect ratio typically used by mobile device cameras. Users can also apply digital filters to their images. The maximum duration for Instagram videos is 15 seconds.[8] • Instagram was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and launched in October 2010. The service rapidly gained popularity, with over 100 million active users as of April 2012.[ COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

FACEBOOK • Facebook was founded on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University studentsEduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes.[8] The founders had initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students, but later expanded it to colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, andStanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities and later to their high-school students. Facebook now allows anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old worldwide to become a registered user of the website, although proof is not required.[9] COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

LINKEDIN • LinkedIn is a business-oriented social networking service. Founded in December 2002 and launched on May 5, 2003,[3] it is mainly used for professional networking. In 2006, LinkedIn increased to 20 million viewers.[8] As of June 2013, LinkedIn reports more than 259 million acquired users in more than 200 countries and territories.[2][9] • The site is available in 20 languages,[2] including English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch,Swedish, Danish, Romanian, Russian, Turkish, Japanese, Czech, Polish, Korean, Indonesian, Malay, andTagalog.[10][11] As of 2 July 2013, COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

MYSPACE • Myspace was founded in 2003 by Chris DeWolfe and Tom Anderson, and was later acquired by News Corporationin July 2005 for $580 million.[9] From 2005 until early 2008, Myspace was the most visited social networking site in the world, and in June 2006 surpassed Google as the most visited website in the United States COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

Q.1 What is Computer? A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

Q2 What is CPU? • Principal component of a digital computer, composed of a control unit, an instruction-decoding unit, and an arithmetic-logic unit. The CPU is linked to main memory, peripheral equipment (including input/output devices), and storage units. The control unit integrates computer operations. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

Q3 What is Data? • General term for numbers, letters, symbols, and analog quantities that serve as input for computer processing. Any representations of characters or analog quantities to which meaning, COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

Q4 MiFi is used as a name for - • Wireless Routers • Wireless Network • Wireless Bridge • Wireless Brouter COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

Q 5 The third generation of mobile telecommunications technology is- A) 3.G B) 1.3G C) 3G D ) 3.1 G COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

Q.6 BlackBerry 10 is a - A)Mobile Operating System B) Operating System C) Web D) Browser COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

Q 7.E Learning is – A) Educational Approach B) Technological Medium C) Study Medium D) Above all COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

Q8. W3 commonly known as the - • word wide web • world wide web • World wibe web • World Word Web COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION GUIDANCE CENTER

INTERNET TECHNOLOGY