1 / 37

Opportunities arising from the CEOS/GCOS dialogue

Opportunities arising from the CEOS/GCOS dialogue. Jean-Louis FELLOUS (ESA/CNES) Co-president, JCOMM CEOS Executive Secretary. GCOS Essential Climate Variables. Variables that are both currently feasible for global implementation and have a high impact on UNFCCC requirements. Three Domains

masato
Download Presentation

Opportunities arising from the CEOS/GCOS dialogue

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Opportunities arising from the CEOS/GCOS dialogue Jean-Louis FELLOUS (ESA/CNES) Co-president, JCOMM CEOS Executive Secretary

  2. GCOS Essential Climate Variables • Variables that are both currently feasible for global implementation and have a high impact on UNFCCC requirements. • Three Domains • Atmospheric (over land, sea and ice) • Surface • Air temperature, Precipitation, Air pressure, Surface radiation budget, Wind speed and direction, Water vapor. • Upper-air • Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiance), Upper-air temperature (including MSU radiances), Wind speed and direction, Water vapor, Cloud properties. • Composition • Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, Other long-lived greenhouse gases , Aerosol properties. • Oceanic • Surface • Sea-surface temperature, Sea-surface salinity, Sea level, Sea state, Sea ice, Current, Ocean color (for biological activity), Carbon dioxide partial pressure. • Sub-surface • Temperature, Salinity, Current, Nutrients, Carbon, Ocean tracers, Phytoplankton. • Terrestrial • River discharge, Water use, Ground water, Lake levels, Snow cover, Glaciers and ice caps, Permafrost and seasonally-frozen ground, Albedo, Land cover (including vegetation type), Fraction of absorbed photo-synthetically active radiation (fAPAR), Leaf area index (LAI), Biomass, Fire disturbance

  3. COP-10 Decision onResearch and Systematic Observation • “Invites Parties that support space agencies involved in global observations to request these agencies to provide a coordinated response to the needs expressed in the GCOS Implementation Plan” (COP-10, December 2004) • CEOS was asked to present its response to SBSTA at COP-12 in November 2006 • A preliminary CEOS document was presented at COP-11 (November 2005) in Montreal • In December 2005, CEOS offered to Lead GEO Task CL-06-02 (“Secure provision of key climate data from satellites”), which has the same objectives • CEOS (under leadership of USGS) and GCOS have worked together in 2006 to complete this task

  4. GCOS Implementation Plan“Satellite Supplement” Systematic Observation Requirements for Satellite-based Products for Climate Supplemental details to the satellite-based component of the “Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (GCOS-92)” ************************************************** GCOS Secretariat GCOS-107 WMO/TD No. 1338

  5. GCOS Implementation PlanContent • GCOS Climate Monitoring Principles • Sampling, continuity, overlap, calibration, etc. • Cross-cutting actions • Integrated products, reprocessing, reanalysis, archiving, etc. • 28 Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) • Atmosphere: Surface wind speed and direction, upper air temperature, water vapour, cloud properties, precipitation, ERB, ozone, aerosols, CO2, CH4 and other GHGs • Ocean: Sea ice, sea level, SST, ocean colour, sea state, salinity • Land: lakes area, level and temperature, glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, snow cover, albedo, land cover, fAPAR, LAI, biomass, fire disturbances, soil moisture • Types of requirements • Reprocessing of past records, provision of archived data sets, requirements for future missions, cal/val issues

  6. Requirements for space-based observations of ocean ECV’s (1)

  7. Requirements for space-based observations of ocean ECV’s (2)

  8. Requirements for space-based observations of ocean ECV’s (3) Note: Surface Vector Wind is considered as an Atmospheric ECV

  9. CEOS Response to GCOS-IP • The CEOS Climate Task Team included • CEOS experts – Cross-cutting and strategic issues • B. Ryan, T. Armstrong, S. Briggs, R. Gibson, C. Ishida, S. Ward • Domain experts from CEOS agencies and GCOS Panels • Atmosphere: P. Menzel et al. • Ocean: J.-L. Fellous, E. Lindstrom, et al. (O. Arino, J. Benveniste, M. Drinkwater, E. Harrison , K. Imaoka, P. Lecomte, R. Solberg, W.S. Wilson) • Land: J. Townshend, I. Csiszar, B. Reed et al. • A professional editor • R. Johnson

  10. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 14 12 13 GODAE IPY SAR for Sea Ice & Sea State AMI/ERS ASAR/Envisat C-band GMES S-1 RADARSAT-3 RADARSAT-1 C-band RADARSAT-2 C-band PALSAR/ALOS L-band COSMO-SKYMED X-band TERRASAR-X X-band In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval

  11. HY-2 series WSOA Jason-3

  12. “KNOWN” FUTURE ALTIMETRY MISSIONS In orbit End of life Approved Planned/Pending approval GFO HY-2 series NPOESS IPY Data gap ERS-2/RA Sentinel-3 ERS-1 ENVISAT/RA-2 ALTIKA TOPEX/Poseidon Data gap? Data gap? Jason-3? Jason-1 Jason-2 WSOA? CNES/EUMETSAT/NASA/NOAA signedLetter of Agreement for Jason-2 CRYOSAT-2 GODAE

  13. CMIS/NPOESS-C1 Surface Vector Winds 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 While CMIS has been cancelled, a less capable CMIS is planned beginning with C-2 in 2016. 895 km 1700 km X WINDSAT 500 km 2 x 550 km w/ 768-km nadir gap AMI/ERS-2 ASCAT/METOP – 3-satellite series OceanSat-2 scatterometer SeaWINDS/ADEOS-II 1600 km HY-2 series scatterometer Seawinds/QuikSCAT In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval

  14. Summary Assessment • Summary using a color bar chart • No Bar Nothing • RedSomething, Below Threshold • YellowAt threshold (marginal) • GreenAbove threshold (fully adequate) • Threshold = GCOS ECV threshold • Mission nominal lifetime • Beyond lifetime = go to Red within six months

  15. Example - ECV Sea Level Planned or pending approval In orbit Approved T/P High accuracy Reference orbit Jason-1 Jason-2 ERS-1 ERS-2 Lower accuracy Polar orbit S-3 Envisat X GFO Saral NPOESS ECV Sea Level Above threshold Below threshold At threshold

  16. Oceanic Domain ECV Status as of Mid-2006 Note: this color graph (and similar ones for Atmospheric and Terrestrial Domains) was withdrawn from CEOS Response to GCOS-IP

  17. CEOS response to GCOS Satellite Requirements CEOS Response to the GCOS Implementation Plan – September 2006 Satellite Observation of the Climate System The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Response to the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Implementation Plan (IP) Developed by CEOS and submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Subsidiary Body on Scientific and Technical Advice (SBSTA) on behalf of CEOS by the United States of America (USA) delegation Visit http://www.ceos.org for the full report

  18. Content of CEOS Response • CEOS Response includes • What can be achieved by better coordination of existing capabilities or in planning future capabilities • Immediate responses (e.g., reprocessing of past data sets, improvement of data availability for reanalysis) • Plans for improved coordination of future missions, through the establishment of “Virtual Constellations” • Those improvements that require additional means or mandates beyond the present capacity of space agencies (e.g., the issue of transferring systems from research to operational status – “Crossing the Valley of Death”). • “CEOS appreciates that meeting the UNFCCC climate needs described by GCOS would also contribute significantly to most, if not all, of the other GEOSS Societal Benefit Areas”

  19. CEOS Virtual Constellations • New implementation framework • To inspire and facilitate commitments aimed at harmonizing observations within CEOS members • To move CEOS discussions and agendas away from the general to the specific, based on agreed standards and minimum requirements (technical and institutional) • Four Prototype Constellations • Land Surface Imaging • Ocean Surface Topography (Lead NOAA-EUMETSAT) • Global Precipitation Mission • Atmospheric Composition • Study Teams established for each Constellation • GEO Task DA-07-03 “Virtual constellations” • Constellation Process paper being developed

  20. CEOS Report – Table of Contents

  21. Ocean Domain – Overall status • “Space-based ocean observations for climate are currently at a crossroads: unless additional urgent actions in response to relevant GCOS requirements are taken, only observations for the sea surface temperature ECV will be adequate in the next six years. The level of observation for all other ocean ECVs will be marginal (sea ice, sea state) or even inadequate (sea level, ocean colour) within and beyond that timeframe. It should be noted, however, that new research missions are planned that will provide the first-ever measurements of sea surface salinity, an emerging ECV.”

  22. CEOS Contemplated Actions re: ECV Sea Ice • Sustain sea ice observation; reprocess data sets

  23. CEOS Contemplated Actions re: ECV Sea Level • Ocean Surface Topography “Virtual Constellation”

  24. CEOS Contemplated Actions re: ECV Sea Surface Temperature

  25. CEOS Contemplated Actions re: ECV Ocean Color • Maintain data/product continuity • Develop combined FCDR • Potential Ocean Color « Virtual Constellation »

  26. CEOS Contemplated Actions re: ECV Sea State • Maintain data continuity • Develop combined FCDR

  27. CEOS Contemplated Actions re: ECV Sea Surface Salinity • New R&D missions • Potential Ocean Salinity Virtual Constellation

  28. CEOS Contemplated Actions re: Ocean Reanalyzes • Reprocessing, Constellation Standards

  29. CEOS Contemplated Actions re: Cross-cutting Issues (samples) • Attention given to GCOS Climate Monitoring Principles

  30. CEOS Contemplated Actions re: Cross-cutting Issues (samples) • In situ validation

  31. CEOS Contemplated Actions re: Cross-cutting Issues (samples) • Free and timely access to (climate-related) data, especially those needed for the protection of life and property

  32. Access to data • There is a general need to improve timely access to data (satellites and in situ) so as to better respond to societal needs, i.e., to generate products and services for the protection of life and property (e.g., tsunami, storm surge, and hurricane warnings/forecasts) • CEOS Response to GCOS recognizes this need: • Action C-16: CEOS agencies will consider, in the context of the CEOS Constellations, ways and means to support the transfer of demonstrated observations from research satellites into operational capabilities. In particular, CEOS will encourage “convergence” of climate-observing requirements (usually for high-quality data) with operational requirements (usually for rapid and ensured data availability), and support institutional arrangements that would help transfer ECVs from research to operations.

  33. Official draft SBSTA Statement • “The SBSTA welcomed the report submitted by the United States of America on behalf of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) (FCCC/SBSTA/2006/MISC.14), which describes the coordinated response by space agencies involved in global observations to the needs expressed in the GCOS implementation plan. The SBSTA invited the Parties that support space agencies to enable these agencies to implement, to the extent possible, the actions identified in the CEOS report and to continue responding in a coordinated manner through CEOS to the efforts to meet these needs. The SBSTA encouraged the GCOS and CEOS to continue their partnership for linking space-based capabilities with global climate observing requirements and encouraged Parties to improve access to space-based climate observations to all interested Parties.”

  34. The Way Forward In conclusion, CEOS recognizes that both satellite and in situ data are required to better monitor, characterize, and predict changes in the Earth system. While in situ measurements will remain essential and largely measure what cannot be measured from satellites, Earth-observation satellites are the only realistic means to obtain the necessary global coverage, and with well-calibrated measurements, will become the single most important contribution to global observations for climate.

  35. Current status • 21 actions identified as Priority 1 by CEOS and GCOS • Priority 1 = amenable to short-term tangible results • Lead agencies being identified for each action • CEOS SIT-20 on June 19-20 in Frascati • Discussions planned on • Overall progress • Re-planning issues (NPOESS certification) – Actions A-6, 7, 8 & 9 • Improving cooperation within CEOS – Actions C-1 & C-16 • Community participation is encouraged • CEOS agencies will not spontaneously maintain their effort without the sustained pressure of the climate community

More Related