ONLINE COURSE ON JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS IN EUROPE MODULE I

1. Red Europea de Formación Judicial (REFJ)European Judicial Training Network (EJTN) Réseau Européen de Formation Judiciaire (REFJ) ONLINE COURSE ON JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS IN EUROPE MODULE I “JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS IN EUROPE” MARCOS LOREDO COLUNGA UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO 5th Edition (2013)

2. MODULE IJUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS IN EUROPE CONTENT • UNIT 1 • EVOLUTION OF JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS • UNIT 2 • THE CHANGE OF PARADIGM: THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS. PERSPECTIVES FROM THE TREATY OF LISBON • UNIT 3 • STRENGTHENING MUTUAL TRUST: PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES, THE RIGHTS OF VICTIMS AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION

3. UNIT 1«EVOLUTION OF JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS» SUMMARY • INTRODUCTION • LEGAL COOPERATION: CONCEPT, CONTENT AND BASIS • PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS: • COOPERATION IN THE PAST • COOPERATION TODAY: • THE ONGOING NEED FOR BILATERAL ENVIRONMENTS • THE CONSOLIDATION OF MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATION: IN THE AMBIT OF THE UN, THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THE EU • THE FUTURE OF COOPERATION • SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL COOPERATION • FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

4. INTRODUCTION • AIM OF THE UNIT: • GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EVOLUTION AND CURRENT STATE OF JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS • KEY POINTS: • CONCEPT • CONTENT • BASIS • EVOLUTION

5. 1. LEGAL COOPERATION CONCEPT • JUDICIAL COOPERATION VERSUS LEGAL COOPERATION

6. 1. LEGAL COOPERATION CONTENT • TRADITIONAL: • PERFORMING COMMUNICATION ACTIONS • OBTAINING EVIDENCE • EXTRADITION

7. 1. LEGAL COOPERATION CONTENT • PROGRESSIVE EXTENSION: • INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES • ADOPTION OF INTERIM INJUNCTIONS • SURRENDER OF SUBJECTS • INFORMATION ON CRIMINAL RECORDS • EXECUTION OF SENTENCES

8. 1. LEGAL COOPERATION CONTENT • INCLUSION OF POLICE COOPERATION ACTIONS WITH JUDICIAL CONTROL: • JOINT INVESTIGATION TEAMS • CROSS-BORDER SURVEILLANCE • SPONTANEOUS TRANSFER OF INFORMATION • HOT PURSUIT

9. 1. LEGAL COOPERATION CONTENT • EXCEEDING THE EXCLUSIVELY CRIMINAL AMBIT: • JUDICIAL CONTROL OF ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS • INDEMNIFICATION DUE TO UNJUSTIFIED INVESTIGATION OR SENTENCING MEASURES • CLEMENCY PROCEEDINGS • CIVIL ACTIONS LINKED TO CRIMINAL ONES

10. 1. LEGAL COOPERATION SUBJECTS INVOLVED • JUDGES AND MAGISTRATES • PROSECUTORS • POLICE AGENTS • SPECIFIC INSTITUTIONS: • JUDICIAL NETWORKS • INTERPOL, CEPOL AND EUROPOL • EUROJUST • LIAISON MAGISTRATES • EXPERT OR CONSULTATIVE GROUPS

11. 1. LEGAL COOPERATION BASIS • EVOLUTION: • INITIAL: • SATISFACTION OF NATIONAL INTERESTS APPLYING THE PRINCIPLE OF RECIPROCITY • BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY: • SEARCH FOR JUSTICE ON AN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL • TODAY: • PROTECTION OF THE BASIC RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE JUDICIAL PROTECTION WITHOUT DEFENCELESSNESS

12. 2. EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS PAST • ORIGINS: • DEVELOPMENT IN BILATERAL ENVIRONMENTS • LIMITED ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY TO EXTRADITION • SUPPORTED BY PRIOR POLITICAL UNDERSTANDING • SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY: • INITIATIVE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS • SIGNIFICANT ADVANCE DUE TO THE INCREASE IN TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

13. 2. EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS TODAY • BILATERAL ENVIRONMENTS: • ORIGINAL FRAMEWORK MAINTAINED TODAY • DOUBLE UTILITY: • FACILITATES ADVANCES IN REGIONAL AMBITS • PERMITS CONNECTION BETWEEN STATES FROM DIFFERENT REGIONAL AMBITS

14. 2. EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS TODAY • MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTS: • UN AMBIT: • DEVELOPMENT OF MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS • FIGHT AGAINST MORE SERIOUS FORMS OF TRANSNATIONAL CRIME: • CORRUPTION • ORGANISED CRIME • TERRORISM • DRUG TRAFFICKING

15. 2. EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS TODAY • MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTS: • COUNCIL OF EUROPE AMBIT: • SEEDS OF COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS • INSTRUMENTS OF DIFFERENT KINDS: • MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS OPEN TO OTHER NON-EUROPEAN STATES: • EXTRADITION • JUDICIAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS • TRANSFER OF SENTENCED PERSONS • RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

16. TODAY MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTS: EU AMBIT: AMBIT THAT BOASTS THE BIGGEST ADVANCES AIMED AT THE CREATION OF A COMMON SPACE OF FREEDOM , SECURITY AND JUSTICE CHARACTERISED BY THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC, ORIGINAL INSTRUMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS 2. EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS

17. 2. EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS FUTURE • GOOD PROSPECTS IN GENERAL: • SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU • TENDENCY TO SURPASS REGIONAL AMBITS • IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION SUBSEQUENTLY TO THE HARMONISATION OF SUBSTANTIVE AND PROCEDURAL LAW

18. 3. SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL JUDICIAL COOPERATION APPROACH • NON-EXHAUSTIVE LIST • INSTRUMENTS WITH A DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC AMBIT: • UN-COUNCIL OF EUROPE-EUROPEAN UNION • ORGANISED ACCORDING TO AREAS: • BASIC RIGHTS AND PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES • AGENCIES AND INSTITUTIONS • SECURITY AND INVESTIGATION • JUDICIAL ASSISTANCE • HARMONISATION OF CRIMINAL LAW

19. UNIT 2THE CHANGE OF PARADIGM: THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS. PERSPECTIVES FROM THE TREATY OF LISBON CONTENT • PROGRESSIVE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS OF JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS: • INTRODUCTION • FROM MAASTRICHT (1992) TO TAMPERE (1999) • THE NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM THE TREATY OF LISBON(2007) • INSTRUMENTS FOR MUTUAL ASSISTANCE: BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS • COOPERATION REQUESTS • THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTIONS • THE CONVENTION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCHENGEN TREATY (CAAS) • THE 2000 TREATY ON JUDICIAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS • INTEGRATION POLICIES: HARMONISATION INSTRUMENTS AND THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION • COMMUNITISATION POLICIES: THE COMMON EUROPEAN SPACE OF JUSTICE. THE ROLE OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE • FINAL REFLECTION

20. TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS APPROACH • RELEVANCE OF THE HANDOVER FROM THE PRINCIPLE OF REQUEST TO THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION IN THE EU: • WAIVER OF THE RIGHT TO DECIDE • WAIVER OF SOVEREIGNTY • OVERCOMING THE EXEQUATUR • TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS AND REGULATORY SOURCES

21. APPROACH OBJECTIVE SCOPE OF JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS IN THE EU: OFFENCES AGAINST THE LEGAL ASSETS OF THE EU ITSELF TRANSNATIONAL OFFENCES DOMESTIC OFFENCES WITH A FOREIGN ELEMENT TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS

22. TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS MAIN LANDMARKS • MAASTRICHT TREATY: • INTRODUCES THE VOCATION OF POLITICAL INTEGRATION • CONFIGURES THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AROUND THREE PILLARS: • COMMUNITY • COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY • COOPERATION IN JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS

23. TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS MAIN LANDMARKS • AMSTERDAM TREATY: • INTRODUCES THE AIM OF CREATING AN “AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE” • COMMUNITISES PART OF THE THIRD PILLAR: • FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS • CONTROL OF EXTERNAL BORDERS • ASYLUM, IMMIGRATION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF THIRD STATES • JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CIVIL MATTERS

24. TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS MAIN LANDMARKS • AMSTERDAM TREATY: • ENHANCES COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS: • FACILITATES REGULATORY APPROXIMATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS AND REGARDING PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES • CREATES NEW REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS: • FRAMEWORK DECISIONS • DECISIONS • MAINTAINS INTERGOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY FOR DECISION-MAKING • INTRODUCE S ENHANCED COOPERATION • BROADENS THE INTERPRETATIVE POWERS OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE

25. TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS MAIN LANDMARKS • TAMPERE COUNCIL: • MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO SURPASS THE PRINCIPLE OF REQUEST • INTRODUCE S THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION AS THE “CORNERSTONE” OF COOPERATION IN BOTH CIVIL AND CRIMINAL MATTERS

26. MAIN LANDMARKS THE HAGUE PROGRAMME: SETS OUT THE PRIORITIES FOR ENHANCING THE “AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE” ON THE BASIS OF MUTUAL TRUST: LEGISLATIVE APPROXIMATION AND CREATION OF MINIMUM RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE RELEVANCE OF THE ACTIVITY OF EUROJUST TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS

27. MAIN LANDMARKS TREATY OF LISBON: A FURTHER LANDMARK IN AN OPEN PROCESS THAT IS CONTINUALLY EVOLVING REPLACES A FAILED TREATY ON THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION LABORIOUS RATIFICATION PROCESS – IN FORCE SINCE 1 DECEMBER 2009 INTRODUCES FAR-REACHING CHANGES IN THE ORGANISATION AND POWERS OF THE EU TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS

28. TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS MAIN LANDMARKS • TREATY OF LISBON: • GUIDELINES ON JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS: • BASIS FOR THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION • COMMUNITISATION OF THE REST OF THE THIRD PILLAR • MODIFICATION OF THE NAME, ORGANISATION AND POWERS OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE • POSSIBILITY OF THE CREATION OF A EUROPEAN PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE

29. TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS MAIN LANDMARKS • TREATY OF LISBON: • GUIDELINES ON JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS: • PROMOTION OF SUBSTANTIVE AND PROCEDURAL LEGISLATIVE HARMONISATION • DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROLE OF EUROJUST & EUROPOL • ORDINARY LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE FOR DRAFTING NEW REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS: • REGULATIONS - DIRECTIVES – DECISIONS - RECOMMENDATIONS - OPINIONS • SPECIAL LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE FOR MATTERS RELATED TO OPERATIONAL COOPERATION

30. INSTRUMENTS FOR MUTUAL ASSISTANCE BILATERAL CONVENTIONS • STANDARD WAY OF IMPLEMENTING JUDICIAL COOPERATION • RESULT OF THE POLITICAL RELATIONS OF EACH STATE • REGULATES THE STANDARD MECHANISM THAT RESPECTS STATE SOVEREIGNTY: • REQUEST BY ONE STATE AND COMPLIANCE BY THE OTHER • TRADITIONAL SYSTEM THAT STILL EXISTS, ALBEIT SURPASSED BY MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS

31. MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS THE RESULT OF COMPLEX STRUCTURES THAT COMPRISE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS TODAY SEEK A MORE EFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO NEW FORMS OF CRIME IN A GLOBALISED WORLD ARISING IN REGIONAL SPHERES AND EXTENDED TO THE ENTIRE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INSTRUMENTS FOR MUTUAL ASSISTANCE

32. MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS SCOPE OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE: EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON EXTRADITION EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS INSTRUMENTS FOR MUTUAL ASSISTANCE

33. INSTRUMENTS FOR MUTUAL ASSISTANCE MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS • SCOPE OF THE EU: • CONVENTION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCHENGEN AGREEMENT: • REFERENCE TO POLICE COOPERATION • COMPLETES THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS • ENSHRINES THE PRINCIPLE OF NE BIS IN IDEM • CONTAINS SPECIFIC RULES ON THE TRANSFER OF THE ENFORCEMENT OF CRIMINAL JUDGMENTS

34. INSTRUMENTS FOR MUTUAL ASSISTANCE MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS • SCOPE OF TH EU: • CONVENTION ON MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS: • REGULATES THE USE OF CERTAIN PROCEDURES WITH THE APPLICATION OF THE FORUM REGIT ACTUM PRINCIPLE • ENVISAGES DIRECT COMMUNICATION WITH ADDRESSEES AND THE TRANSFER OF REQUESTS AMONG AUTHORITIES

35. INTEGRATION POLICIES APPROACH • COMPLEMENTARY INSTRUMENTS FOR THE CREATION OF AN “AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE” IN EUROPE: • LEGISLATIVE HARMONISATION AS A MEANS FOR GENERATING MUTUAL TRUST IN THE LEGAL AND JUDICIAL SYSTEMS • IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS

36. INTEGRATION POLICIES INSTRUMENTS FOR HARMONISATION • COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION ON THE RECOGNITION OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN CRIMINAL MATTERS • COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION ON DISQUALIFICATIONS ARISING FROM CRIMINAL CONVICTIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON THE FIGHT AGAINST THE SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN

37. INTEGRATION POLICIES INSTRUMENTS FOR HARMONISATION • FRAMEWORK DECISION LAYING DOWN MINIMUM PROVISIONS ON THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF CRIMINAL ACTS AND PENALTIES IN THE FIELD OF ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING • PROPOSED FRAMEWORK DECISION ON CERTAIN RIGHTS THAT SHOULD BE GUARANTEED IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS • GREEN PAPER ON THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE

38. INTEGRATION POLICIES PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION • JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE IN THE “CASSIS DE DIJON” CASE • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON THE EUROPEAN ARREST WARRANT AND SURRENDER PROCEDURES BETWEEN MEMBER STATES • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON THE EXECUTION OF ORDERS FREEZING PROPERTY OR EVIDENCE • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF FINANCIAL PENALTIES

39. INTEGRATION POLICIES PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION TO CONFISCATION ORDERS • PROPOSED FRAMEWORK DECISION ON THE EUROPEAN SUPERVISION ORDER IN PRE-TRIAL PROCEDURES • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON ORGANISED CRIME

40. INTEGRATION POLICIES PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION TO JUDGMENTS THAT IMPOSE CUSTODIAL SENTENCES • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION TO JUDGMENTS AND PROBATION DECISIONS • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON THE EUROPEAN EVIDENCE WARRANT FOR OBTAINING EVIDENCE FOR USE IN PROCEEDINGS IN CRIMINAL MATTERS

41. INTEGRATION POLICIES PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION TO DECISIONS RENDERED IN THE ABSENCE OF THE PERSON CONCERNED AT THE TRIAL • FRAMEWORK DECISION ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION TO DECISIONS ON SUPERVISION MEASURES • DIRECTIVE ON THE EUROPEAN PROTECTION ORDER

42. THE ROLE OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE CASE LAW ON THIRD PILLAR INSTRUMENTS: BINDING NATURE OF FRAMEWORK DECISIONS AND OBLIGATION TO INTERPRET THEM PURSUANT TO DOMESTIC LAW APPLICATION OF THE NE BIS IN IDEM PRINCIPLE POWER TO APPROVE CRIMINAL RULES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FIRST PILLAR THE COMMUNITISATION POLICIES

43. FINAL REFLECTION FUTURE PROSPECTS • OPEN SITUATION AND A PROCESS OF CONTINUAL CHANGE • THE IDEA OF COOPERATION AS A BASIS FOR ACHIEVING JUSTICE IN CERTAIN LAWSUITS HAS BEEN CONSOLIDATED • PROGRESSIVE INCREASE IN COOPERATION TO AVOID PUBLIC SAFETY BEING AFFECTED AND AN UNEQUAL PROSECUTION OF CRIMES ON THE BASIS OF TERRITORIAL CRITERIA

44. FINAL REFLECTION FUTURE PROSPECTS • IMPORTANCE OF SPECIFIC BODIES: • ENTITIES WITH THEIR OWN LEGAL PERSONALITY: EUROJUST • INDEPENDENT BODIES INSIDE THE COMMISSION: OLAF • RISK OF FORGETTING THE NEED TO SAFEGUARD PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES • THREAT OF AND “A LA CARTE” EUROPE AND MULTI-SPEED INTEGRATION

45. UNIT 3: STRENGTHENING MUTUAL TRUST: PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES, THE RIGHTS OF VICTIMS AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION SUMMARY • INTRODUCTION: STRENGTHENING MUTUAL TRUST • THE PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES OF THE ACCUSED • THE STANDING OF VICTIMS • PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA • CONCLUSIONS

46. STRENGTHENING MUTUAL TRUST APPROACH • AIM: • FREE MOVEMENT OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS AND REMOVAL OF THE EXEQUATUR • MECHANISM: • IMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION • PREREQUISITES: • INCREASE IN MUTUAL TRUST • MEANS: • STANDARD MINIMUM RULES AND PRACTICAL HARMONISATION

47. STRENGTHENING MUTUAL TRUST APPROACH ATTRIBUTING POWERS: ARTICLES 16.2 AND 86.2 TFEU ORDINARY LEGISLATIVE INSTRUMENT: DIRECTIVE SUBJECT MATTER (SELECTION): GUARANTEES OF THE ACCUSED RIGHTS OF VICTIMS PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ROADMAP 2010-2014: STOCKHOLM PROGRAMME AND ACTION PLAN

48. PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES OF THE ACCUSED APPROACH RIGHTS ENSHRINED AT EUROPEAN LEVEL: EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS EUROPEAN COURT CASE LAW TACKLING THE QUESTION ON A COMMUNITY LEVEL: CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EU PROPOSAL FOR A FRAMEWORK DECISION PUSH BY THE SWEDISH PRESIDENCY IN 2009: ADOPTION OF A SPECIFIC ROADMAP INCLUSION IN THE STOCKHOLM PROGRAMME

49. PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES OF THE ACCUSED CURRENT STRATEGY INDEPENDENT TREATMENT OF AFFECTED RIGHTS: ASSISTANCE OF INTERPRETER AND TRANSLATION OF ESSENTIAL DOCUMENTS INFORMATION ON RIGHTS AND CHARGES ASSISTANCE OF A LAWYER COMMUNICATION OF THE ARREST SPECIFIC SAFEGUARDS FOR PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE COLLECTIVES

50. PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES OF THE ACCUSED RESULTS DIRECTIVE ON THE RIGHT TO INTERPRETATION AND TRANSLATION PROPOSAL FOR A DIRECTIVE ON THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION PROPOSAL FOR A DIRECTIVE ON THE RIGHT TO ACCESS TO A LAWYER AND THE RIGHT TO COMMUNICATION UPON ARREST