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SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT THEORETICAL FORMULATIONS

SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT THEORETICAL FORMULATIONS. Theory of Centrality. Central Positions: Close to each other, high degree of interaction, decision making positions, task dependent.

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SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT THEORETICAL FORMULATIONS

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  1. SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT THEORETICAL FORMULATIONS

  2. Theory of Centrality • Central Positions: Close to each other, high degree of interaction, decision making positions, task dependent. • Non- Central Positions: Not close to each other, low degree of interaction, lacks decision making authority, task independent. • Stacking: Assign blacks to certain positions

  3. A. Stacking In: • Football • Baseball

  4. A Comparison of Race and Position Occupancy Within Defensive Teams in Major League Football in 1968

  5. X² = 29.26; p<.0005 (df = l) “Racial Segregation in American Sport” Loy and Elvogue Sport in the Social Cultural Process, p. 315.

  6. Position Attributes: Football? • QB • Running Back • Wide Receiver • Line Backer • Offensive Line • Defensive Line • D Back • Punter/ Field Goal Kicker

  7. Position Attributes: Baseball? • Picture • Catcher • 1st Base • 2nd Base • 3rd Base • SS • L field • C Field • R Field

  8. Black Quarterbacks: 2005 • Three Conferences (2005) account for 19 of the 34 teams starting Black QBs. • Southeast: 7 • Big 12: 6 • Conference USA: 6 • Black QBs: Texas- Vince Young, LSU- JaMarcus Russell; Virginia Tech- Marcus Vick; Florida- Chris Leak; Georgia- D.J. Shocky; Ohio State- Troy Smith; Georgia Tech- Reggie Ball; Virginia- Margues Hagans USA Today, Sept. 22, 2005

  9. African Americans In College Baseball • Blacks make-up only 4.5% of all NCAA Baseball players ( 2004) as compared to: • 42% Basketball • 32% Football

  10. Black Baseball Participation Rates( Butts,Hatfield,Hatfield)

  11. Stacking: Changing Central to Non-Central Positions • High School to College • College to Pro • Why Change?

  12. Stacking and Social Mobility in Sport • Coaches and Managers • Athletic Directors

  13. Theory: Stacking • Stereotyping Hypothesis • Prohibitive Cost • Role Modeling • Family Structure • Social Darwinism • Personality Differences

  14. Stacking: Other Sports • Basketball • Volleyball • Soccer

  15. Hoberman Thesis • The sports fixation is a direct result of the exclusion of blacks from every cognitive elite of the past century and the resulting starvation for “race heroes” • “Negro” inferiority complex. Athletes seen as the most prominent symbols of black achievement

  16. Hoberman- cont. • Black children’s perception that academic pursuit is “acting white”.

  17. Transcending Stereotypes: Level playing field? • Overlooking • Lower Expectations • Cutting Off • Intensified Scrutiny • Negative Comments

  18. Stacking and Global Sports • Soccer • Field Hockey • Track and Field

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