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Biology 4B: Ecology

Biology 4B: Ecology. Week 2 Ms. Darlak. Warm-up 04/26. If the plants started out with 87,000 energy units, how much energy is in this level? What are all the possible labels for this organism?. Quadrinary Consumer, Heterotroph, Carnivore. 870. 8,700. 87,000. Agenda 04/26.

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Biology 4B: Ecology

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  1. Biology 4B:Ecology Week 2 Ms. Darlak

  2. Warm-up 04/26 • If the plants started out with 87,000 energy units, how much energy is in this level? • What are all the possible labels for this organism? Quadrinary Consumer, Heterotroph, Carnivore 870 8,700 87,000

  3. Agenda 04/26 • Food Web Wrap • Ecosystem Inputs • Water Cycle • Quiz 4B Tomorrow!

  4. Food Webs • Last Touch: • Add humans on your Food Web.

  5. FOOD WEB p.3Biotic = Density DependentAbiotic = Density Independent An invasive insect species that likes to eat the bark off a number of plants has been introduced to the Forest. BIOTIC (DD)- the original number of insects and the original number of trees will cause different results

  6. The Mad Cow virus that has been found in Elk now has been discovered in deer too. Biotic = Density Dependent Abiotic = Density Independent BIOTIC (DD)- the original number of Elk and the original number of deer will cause different results

  7. Perfect weather and climate conditions has created a bumper seed year where plants can produce up to 50% more seeds than they have in past years. Biotic = Density Dependent Abiotic = Density Independent ABIOTIC (DI)- the original number of trees does not effect the outcome

  8. Oregon Department Fish Wildlife starts a campaign to remove bobcats from the state. Bounties of $100 will be rewarded for bobcat tails and no hunting license and tags are required. Biotic = Density Dependent Abiotic = Density Independent BIOTIC (DD)- the original number of Bobcats will effect the results

  9. New utility poles are scheduled to go up all around the state replacing old ones that were found to cause problems to birds of prey such as hawks. The new poles will have perches and new design makes it safe for Hawks and other birds of prey to use them for perching and nesting on. Biotic = Density Dependent Abiotic = Density Independent ABIOTIC (DI) the original number of hawks does not effect the outcome

  10. Ecosystem Inputs biosphere constant inputof energy energy flowsthrough nutrients cycle Don’t forgetthe laws of Physics! Matter cannot be created ordestroyed inputs • energy • nutrients nutrientscan only cycle

  11. The Water Cycle

  12. Water Cycle Clip

  13. Water is all around us. It is in our bodies. It is in our homes. We have rivers, lakes andoceans. We have wet weather.

  14. Water is a liquid but it can change into other things. It can freezeand become ice. It can heat upand become steam. Water changes as it is warmed up and changes again when it cools down.

  15. The sun is warming the surface of the water. When a cloud gets full it begins to rain. This is called precipitation. The water vapour cools down and forms clouds. This is condensation. This is called The Water Cycle Water is a liquid. As the water gets warmer it changes and begins to evaporate. The warm water changes into a gas called water vapourand rises up. Water Evaporation

  16. Condensation Precipitation Evaporation

  17. Let’s recap….. The water warms up and begins to evaporate. Water vapourrises. When the vapour cools down it causes condensation. Rain begins to fall. This is called precipitation.

  18. More Vocabulary • Transpiration- evaporation on trees • Percolation- water moves through soil • Sublimate- solid to gas

  19. Warm-up 04/23 Using this food web: What are the producers? What are the consumers? What are the herbivores? What are the carnivores?

  20. Agenda 04/23 • Food Web Review • Finish Predator Food Webs • Homework: Read and Complete pps. 5-7

  21. A marine food web

  22. What’s wrong with this Food Web?

  23. Food Web p. 3 Requirements: • Must use all of the organisms on the cards from the Predator game. • Arrows connecting the organisms should follow flow of energy, example, plant to elk. • Posters should be neat and easy to follow • Use name of the animal and a quick sketch. • Put your name on the back of the paper • Card List: bobcat, raccoon, death & decay, squirrel, snake, shrew, hawk, owl, plant-eating insects, preying insects, frogs & toads, spider, millipede, centipede, bird on ground, bird on twig, bird on leaf, bird on truck, turtle, opossum, earthworm, mole, mice, ferns, buds & twigs, grass, fungi, bark, fruit, leaves, nuts, herbs, seed, skunk, bear, rabbit, porcupine, deer, fox.

  24. Warm-up 04/24 • Write all the possible ecological names for the 5 following organisms. 1 2 3 4 5 Primary Consumer Heterotroph Herbivore or Omnivore 2nd Tropic Level Secondary Consumer Heterotroph Carnivore or Omnivore 3rd Tropic Level Tertiary Consumer Heterotroph Carnivore or Omnivore 4th Tropic Level Quadrinary Consumer Heterotroph DECOMPOSER 5th Tropic Level Producer Autotroph 1st Tropic Level

  25. Agenda 04/24 • Homework Check pps. 5-7 • TrophicLevels and Energy Pyramids p. 8-9 • Poster Time

  26. What are trophic levels and energy pyramid? An energy pyramid is a graphical model of energy flow in a community through different groups of organisms that might compose a food chain. From the bottom-up, they are as follows: Producers— bring energy from nonliving sources into the community Primary consumers — eat the producers, which makes them herbivores or omnivores Secondary consumers — eat the primary consumers, which makes them carnivores or omnivores Tertiary consumers — eat the secondary consumers In some food chains, there can be a fourth consumer level, and rarely, a fifth.

  27. sun Food chains Level 4 Tertiary consumer top carnivore Level 3 • Trophic levels • feeding relationships • start with energy from the sun • captured byplants • 1st level of all food chains • food chains usually go up only 4 or 5 levels • all levels connect to decomposers Secondary consumer carnivore Level 2 Primary consumer heterotrophs herbivore Level 1 Producer autotrophs Fungi Decomposers Bacteria

  28. Fifth Trophic Level Forth Trophic Level Third Trophic Level Second Trophic Level First Trophic Level

  29. loss of energy loss of energy Energy flows through ecosystems sun secondary consumers (carnivores) primary consumers (herbivores) producers (plants)

  30. sun energy lost todaily living energy lost todaily living Inefficiency of energy transfer • Loss of energy between levels of food chain • To where is the energy lost? The cost of living! 17% growth only this energymoves on to the next level in the food chain 33% cellular respiration 50% waste (feces)

  31. sun Ecological Pyramid • Loss of energy between levels of food chain • can feed fewer animals in each level 10 100 1000 10,000

  32. Energy Pyramids p.9

  33. Energy Pyramid p.9 Label the following: • Each Trophic Level (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) • Where each of these belong: • Producers • Primary Consumers • Secondary Consumers • Tertiary Consumers • Where would you find these: • Autotrophs, heterotrophs, herbivores, carrnivores, omnivores.

  34. 10 % of energy is passed to next Level THE 10 % RULE 90% of energy is lost at every level % lost 1 unit of energy 90% lost 90% lost 90% lost 10 units of energy 90% lost 90% lost 100 units of energy 90% lost 1,000 units of energy 10,000 units of energy

  35. 4th Level 3rd Trophic Level 2nd Trophic Level 1st Trophic Level Bio Warm-up 04/25 What trophic level do producers always occupy? What type of consumer always occupies the 2ndTrophic Level? Primary Consumers PRODUCERS

  36. Trophic Levels and Energy Pyramid

  37. Agenda 04/25 Biotic vsAbiotic Last Day to work on Posters in class Homework: Complete p.10 QUIZ Friday

  38. Abiotic and Biotic Factors in the Environment

  39. Biotic ALIVE All plants and animals Abiotic NON-LIVING Water, Weather, Rocks, Temperature, Sunlight

  40. For each picture pick2 living (biotic)and 2 non-living (abiotic) things

  41. Clip

  42. Food Web p. 3 Requirements: • Must use all of the organisms on the cards from the Predator game. • Arrows connecting the organisms should follow flow of energy, example, plant to elk. • Posters should be neat and easy to follow • Use name of the animal and a quick sketch. • Put your name on the back of the paper • Card List: bobcat, raccoon, death & decay, squirrel, snake, shrew, hawk, owl, plant-eating insects, preying insects, frogs & toads, spider, millipede, centipede, bird on ground, bird on twig, bird on leaf, bird on truck, turtle, opossum, earthworm, mole, mice, ferns, buds & twigs, grass, fungi, bark, fruit, leaves, nuts, herbs, seed, skunk, bear, rabbit, porcupine, deer, fox.

  43. Warm-up 04/27 • What are the main steps of the water Cycle?

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