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Current Status and Future of Subaru Telescope

Current Status and Future of Subaru Telescope. Michitoshi Yoshida Subaru Telescope, NAOJ. Open-use status. Instrument Lineup of Subaru. facility instruments Optical wide field camera: HSC [ Pr ] Optical camera and spectrograph: FOCAS [Cs]

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Current Status and Future of Subaru Telescope

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  1. Current Status and Future of Subaru Telescope Michitoshi Yoshida Subaru Telescope, NAOJ EAO-Subaru Meeting

  2. Open-use status EAO-Subaru Meeting

  3. Instrument Lineup of Subaru • facility instruments • Optical wide field camera: HSC [Pr] • Optical camera and spectrograph: FOCAS [Cs] • Optical high dispersion spectrograph: HDS [Ns] • Near-infrared multi-object spectrograph: MOIRCS [Cs] • Near-infrared camera and spectrograph: IRCS [Ns] • Mid-infrared camera and spectrograph: COMICS [Cs] • visiting instruments(PI-type) • Near-infrared high-dispersion spectrograph: IRD [Coude] • CoronagraphicHigh Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARIS) [Ns] • Extreme adaptive optics: SCExAO[Ns] • adaptive optics • Adaptive optics system: AO188 [Ns] EAO-Subaru Meeting

  4. Oversubscription rate is ~ 4 – 6 EAO-Subaru Meeting

  5. S18A allocated telescope time earthquake, bad weather, main shutter problem 37 nights  24.5 nights SSP Downtime Engineering Staff Regular Open Use UH Keck Gemini EAO-Subaru Meeting

  6. S18B allocated telescope time UPS trouble, hurricane/tropical storm, TUE maintenance, etc. 40.5 nights  ～24 nights ? SSP Downtime Engineering Regular Open Use Staff UH Keck Gemini as of 2018.11 EAO-Subaru Meeting

  7. Subaru Strategic Programs • SEEDS (2009 - 2014) 120 nights finished • “Subaru Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks with HiCIAO/AO188 (SEEDS)” • Fastsound (2011 - 2014) 40 nights finished • “Probing the Origin of the Cosmic Acceleration with the Subaru/FMOSCosmological Redshift Survey” • HSC SSP (2014 - 2020) 300 nights ongoing • “Wide-field imaging with Hyper Suprime-Cam: Cosmology and Galaxy Evolution” • Collaboration of Japan, Taiwan and Princeton. • IRD SSP (2019 - 2025) 70nights were approved as the 1st stage of the project • “Search for Planets like Earth around Late-M Dwarfs: Precise Radial Velocity Survey with IRD” • PFS SSP (2021? - 2026?) ? nights in preparation • Large international PFScollaboration EAO-Subaru Meeting

  8. HSC SSP Three layer survey Wide: 1400 deg2 g: 26.5, i: 25.9 Deep: 27 deg2 g: 27.5 i: 26.8 Ultra Deep: 3.5 deg2 g: 28.1 i: 27.4 300 nights are allocated from 2014 to 2019 2nd Public Data Release (May 2019) https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp 1st Public Data Release in Feb. 2017 2nd Public Data Release will be in May 2019 https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp EAO-Subaru Meeting

  9. Troubles in 2018 EAO-Subaru Meeting

  10. Troubles in 2018 • Very bad weather from January to April • We lost ~75% of the observing time due to the bad weather • Earthquakes triggered by Kilauea volcanic activity • 6.9M earthquake on March 4  Subaru operation has been suspended for 2 weeks to check the status of the telescope and dome. The main shutter of the dome was damaged. • HSC observation runs were cancelled from May to September due to earthquakes. • Hurricane Lane • One week (8/22 – 8/27) suspension of the telescope operation • FOCAS and COMICS were damaged. • Malfunction of the main UPS triggered by power outage at the summit. • UPS2failed on Sep. 13. UPS1 failed on Nov. 6. • The batteries of the UPSs failed  Procure new batteries.

  11. Science Results EAO-Subaru Meeting

  12. Number of publications Jan.-Nov. 2018 133 papers EAO-Subaru Meeting

  13. Dennis Crabtree(2018)NRC Herzberg EAO-Subaru Meeting

  14. Subaru TelescopeWidest 3D dark matter map ever Oguriet al. 2018 Growth of the structure clearly visible for the first time. COSMOS 3D Map ~3 deg ~10 deg Only Subaru can create this, for now.

  15. Subaru TelescopeCosmological Constraints from the HSC-SSP Hikageet al. 2018 • The cosmological constraints on the fractional contribution of matter to the energy budget of the Universe were derived by a blind analysis of the HSC data. The clumpinessand matter fraction of the Universe from the HSC data are consistent with results from other similar observations (DES and KiDS), but are marginally consistent with Planck observation.

  16. Subaru Telescope The Rest-frame Optical Sizes of Massive Galaxies with Suppressed Star Formation at z~4 The rest-frame optical sizes of massive quiescent galaxies (QGs) at z∼4 with the IRCS and AO188. The size growth of massive galaxies is proportional to the square of stellar mass, indicating the size-stellar mass growth driven by minor dry mergers. Kubo et al. 2018 EAO-Subaru Meeting

  17. Subaru Telescope Comet 17P/Holmes was Born in a Region of the Solar Nebula Far from the Sun Comet 17P/Holmes includes highly volatile species abundantly (with low sublimation temperatures below ~50 K) and that sublimation of these volatiles could be responsible for the comet's explosive releases of dust grains. Comet 17P/Holmes formed in a cold region of the solar nebula far from the Sun. Four striking thermal emission features of silicate dust grains are seen around 10 microns. The sets of six vertical lines indicate peak wavelengths of the 10.0, 10.4, 11.2 and 11.9 microns lines with Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios of 100% to 0% in 20% intervals. Kawakita et al. 2018

  18. Instrumentation EAO-Subaru Meeting

  19. NewInstrument IRD(InfraRed Doppler spectrograph) • A fiber fed high-dispersion (R=70,000) NIR spectrograph with laser frequency comb  precision of radial velocity measurement ~3m/s in H-band • Detection of earth-like mass planets around M-dwarfs • Science operation started in S18B. • SSP will start in S19A. EAO-Subaru Meeting

  20. Subaru’s Wide-Field Strategy in 2020s Recommendation from Subaru Science Advisory Committee HSC (2014) • Very wide-field optical imager • Wide-field multi-objet spectrograph • Wide-field near-infrared imager and MOS spectrograph including AO assisted IFU PFS (2022) ULTIMATE-Subaru (2026) Extend Subaru’s survey capability to near-infrared

  21. PFS (Prime Focus Spectrograph)(under development; science operation from 2022) A fiber fed multi-object spectrograph attached to the prime focus of Subaru 2,400 fibers FOV: 1.25 deg2 λ range: 0.38 – 1.26 μm Spec. R: 2,300 – 5,000 Sensitivity S/N = 5 @ 1 hour exposure EAO-Subaru Meeting

  22. SpectrographCleanRoom MetrologyCamera System EAO-Subaru Meeting PrototypeScience Database Prototype Cable -B

  23. PFS Installation Timeline 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Science Obs. Top Unit w/ fiber positioner 1stSp-graph 3rdSp-graph Metrology Camera 4thSp-graph 2ndSp-graph 10th PFS Collaboration Meeting was held at Shanghai Jiao Dong University from Dec. 10 to 14 EAO-Subaru Meeting

  24. ULTIMATE-Subaru(conceptual design phase) 4 Laser Guide Star System Wide field near-infrared observation facility using ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO) system Conceptual Design Review was done in Oct. 2018 !! Science Operation: 2026 Deformable Secondary Mirror Wavefront Sensors Wide Field Near-infrared Instruments EAO-Subaru Meeting

  25. ULTIMATE GLAOCONCEPTUALDESIGN REVIEW ULTIMATE-SUBARU PROJECT OVERVIEW YOSUKEMINOWA(SUBARUTELESCOPE) Octorber 8 & 9 at Subaru Hilo EAO-Subaru Meeting

  26. ULTIMATE-SUBARUPROJECTOVERVIEW HIGH-RES “AND” WIDE-FIELD NIR CAPABILITIES Subaru/MOIRCS (4’x7’) Subaru/IRCS (1’x1’) HST/WFC3 (2.0’x2.3’) Star-forminggalaxiesatz~2 JWST/NIRCAM (2x2.2’x2.2’) VLT/HAWK-I (7.5’x7.5’) ULTIMATE-Subaru(14’x14’) ULTIMATE-Subaru will deliver: ▸Subaru’s original High-redshifttargetsto follow-upwithTMT ▸Spatially-resolvedstudies of theobjectsfoundbyHSC/PFS ▸SDSS-likecomprehensiveimaging/spec.survey for high-redshiftuniverse(z>2). ▸Synergywiththefuturesurveysbywide-fieldspacemissions(goodsynergywith WFIRST) EAO-Subaru Meeting

  27. ULTIMATE-SUBARUPROJECTOVERVIEW WIDE-FIELD ADAPTIVE OPTICS: GLAO GLAO (0”.2) Seeing (0”.5) • Uniformseeingimprovementover~20arcmin FoV • FWHM~0”.2atK-band,whichisequivalenttoHST andWFIRST https://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/develop/ao/ao_modes/.html EAO-Subaru Meeting

  28. ULTIMATE-SUBARUPROJECTOVERVIEW COMPARISON WITH TMT AND SPACE MISSIONS IN 2020S Imaging MOS M-IFS JH K MB,NB J H K JHK Pointed observations JWST,TMT,... WFIRSTR~500 ULTIMATE -MIFS WFIRST Surveys ULTIMATE-WFI PFS R~3000 ULTIMATE-MOIRCS SlidecourtesyofY.Matsuoka EAO-Subaru Meeting

  29. DEVELOPMENTPLAN DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE Phase2 Phase3 Phase1 FY GLAO MOIRCS WFI M-IFS Tel.modificationplanPrototypingULTIMATE-START Preliminarydesign 2019 Grismupgrade Conceptualdesign 2020 NsIRdesign Preliminarydesign 2021 2022 Finaldesign Finaldesign Fabrication Prototyping 2023 Fabrication NsIRmodification Fabrication 2024 RelocationtoNsIR Preliminarydesign 2025 NsIRcommissioning, Operation AIT Finaldesign 2026 Commissioning Csmodification Fabrication 2027 Cscommissioning Operation 2028 AIT 2029 Commissioning 2030 Operation EAO-Subaru Meeting

  30. Instrumentation Plan(2018 proposed) End End renewal TBD End End End End transition

  31. Strategy of Subaru Telescope 2040 TMT construction Subaru/TMT operation 2024 2028 2050 2018 2033 2020 Subaru operation HSC upgrade IFU survey Time-domain Ultra wide field survey IRD・CHARIS Long term monitoring Exoplanet search PFS Subaru wide field survey Wide field spectroscopic survey ULTIMATE-Subaru Wide field infrared survey / Time-domain WFIRSTcollab. collaboration Synergy of Subaru and TMT Origin of dark matter Life signs of exoplanets TMT detailed study Origin of dark energy Reionization

  32. International Partnership EAO-Subaru Meeting

  33. International Partnership • It is getting more difficult for Subaru to financially sustain its operation even though the scientific value of the telescope is still very high. • This is basically because the construction of TMT has started. • It is required for Subaru to make its operation cost lower • Japanese government has been asking Subaru to look for international partners who can operate the telescope together EAO-Subaru Meeting

  34. Two categories of the partner • Full partner (FP); • Access to Regional Guaranteed Time, Shared Time and Large Program (SSP) • Full participation in decision-making process • More than 2 M USD contribution (including in-kind cont.) • Semi-partner (SP); • Access to Regional Guaranteed Time and Shared Time • Limited participation in decision-making process • More than 500 K USD (up to 2 M USD) contribution in cash only EAO-Subaru Meeting

  35. How to calculate the number of nights for Partner Time • Partner time is allocated to each partner based on the fraction of total contributions from each partner to the total operation cost: Total operation cost (incl. NAOJ HR) of Subaru: 20 M USD (~2.2 B JPY) Total available nights for science operations: S Partner contribution (M USD): P • Number of PT = S * P/ 20 Note: Total available nights for science operations (typically ~240 nights) are calculated as: 365 -(down time + UH time + international time + DDT +eng.) If S is 240 nights and P is 2 M USD, No. of PT is 24 nights / yr. EAO-Subaru Meeting

  36. Time categories • Partner Time will be divided into the three categories. • Regional Guaranteed Time • Shared Time • Large Program (SSP)

  37. Summary • Subaru is one of the highest competitive telescopes in the world. The oversubscription rate of the proposals is about 5. • Number of annual science publications is ~120 – 150 (133 for Jan. – Nov. 2018). • The open use of IRD was started in S18B. IRD-SSP will start from S19A. • Preparation of PFS installation is ongoing. Science operation of PFS will start in 2021. • Subaru suffered earthquakes, hurricanes, and big power outage this year. Due to these disasters and subsequent troubles, we lost about 40 nights of the telescope time. We could not install HSC from May to September due to earthquakes. The dome main shutter was damaged. • Subaru is exploring international partners. EAO-Subaru Meeting

  38. Subaru Telescope 20thAnniversary The 5th NAOJ Symposium / The 7th Subaru International Conference Nov 17 - 22, 2019 Waikoloa Beach Marriott Resort & Spa, Hawaii, U.S.A. EAO-Subaru Meeting

  39. Topics [General Session] Subaru User’s Meeting FY2019 SSP projects and Future Instruments Special Keynotes [Parallel Sessions] Galaxy Formation, AGN, Time Domain, Exoplanet & Star Formation Solar System, Local Group & Nearby Galaxies Painolo ocean terrace at Marriott, Waikoloa

  40. EAO-Subaru Meeting

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