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Ch. 21 A New Civilization in Europe

Ch. 21 A New Civilization in Europe. Lessons 1-3. Charlemagne and Leo. King Charlemagne, the king of the Franks, helped Pope Leo III return to Rome by offering him protection from his enemies there.

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Ch. 21 A New Civilization in Europe

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  1. Ch. 21 A New Civilization in Europe Lessons 1-3

  2. Charlemagne and Leo King Charlemagne, the king of the Franks, helped Pope Leo III return to Rome by offering him protection from his enemies there. In return, Leo crowned Charlemagne the new emperor of the Romans during a Christmas Day religious service.

  3. Lesson 1: Europe in the Early Middle Ages Middle Ages – period of between ancient and modern times from A.D. 500 – 1500 medieval – from Latin words meaning “middle age” Europe is described as a “peninsula of peninsulas”

  4. Europe in the Middle Ages Its topography, or physical surface features, is varied with mountain ranges, plains, and waterways The favorable geography of Europe attracted many people such as the Huns and Germanic tribes. The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes moved into Europe as well

  5. The Age of Charlemagne Charlemagne was a strong ruler. He fought the Saxons in the north, Avars and Slavs in the east, and Lombards in Italy. He also fought Umayyad Muslims in Spain He appointed nobles as rulers of local regions and kept a close eye to make sure they were ruling fairly and well

  6. The Age of Charlemagne He believed education could help unite his kingdom and encouraged the creation of schools He was a devout Christian He became emperor after Pope Leo III crowned him emperor in 800 A.D. After Charlemagne’s death in 814, his son Louis I took the throne

  7. Lesson 2: The Spread of Christianity in Europe Monasteries – secluded communities where men called monks focus on prayer and scripture Convents – religious communities for women known as nuns Missionaries (people who try to convert others to a particular religion) spread Christian teachings throughout northern Europe pagan – follower of polytheistic religion

  8. Causes and Effects of the Spread of Christianity Cause: The Italian monk Benedict set rules for monstic life. Effect: Benedictine Rule is adopted by monasteries and convents across Europe. Cause: Patrick works as a missionary in Ireland. Effect: Many people in Ireland convert to Christianity. Cause: King of Kent converts to Christianity. Effect: Many of his subjects convert.

  9. Causes and Effects of the Spread of Christianity Cause: Popes send missionaries to Britain. Effect: Most of Britain becomes Catholic. Cause: Monks and missionaries work across Europe. Effect: Christianity spreads throughout Europe. Cause: Christianity spreads throughout Europe. Effect: The Catholic Church becomes wealthy and powerful and governs people’s lives.

  10. The Church’s Power The Pope and other Catholic leaders had great influence in medieval Europe. Because the Church controlled the administration of the sacraments, it could punish people by denying them the sacraments. Medieval Catholics believed that people who did not receive the sacraments would be condemned to hell. Christendom – large community of Christians spread across the world

  11. Lesson 3: The Development of European Feudalism Invasions by many people, especially the Vikings, created disorder to Europe. Kings and emperors were too weak to protect themselves so powerful local lords took over the responsibility of protecting people’s homes and lands which resulted in the system known as feudalism.

  12. The Feudal System Lords granted a fief, or estate, to a vassal. The lord promised to protect the vassal and in return, the vassal provided military support and money or food for the lord. Young boys and men from noble families were trained to be knights, or warriors mounted on horseback.Knights were expected to live by a code of conduct called chivalry, which required them to be brave, loyal, and generous. They had to fight fairly in battle. Knights can be compared to the Japanese samurai.

  13. The Feudal System The heart of the medieval economy was the manor, or the agricultural estate of a medieval lord. Manors were centered around the lord’s castle and usually included one or more villages and the surrounding fields and forests. Peasants made up the majority of the medieval population. Most of the people who lived and worked on manors were peasants.

  14. The Feudal System Many of the peasants were serfs, peasants legally bound to the lord’s land. They were not free and could not leave the manor without the lord’s permission. If the manor was given to a new lord, the serfs went along with it.

  15. The Feudal System role activity King: too weak to prevent invasions; recruited army on demand Lord: gave fiefs to loyal followers; vassals pledged loyalty to him; promised to protect vassal Knight: vowed himself to chivalry; expected to fight fairly; like a samurai Serf: legally bound to land; served new lord of the manor

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