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2012 Corn Hybrid Performance & Technology Update Agronomy In-service January 4, 2013

2012 Corn Hybrid Performance & Technology Update Agronomy In-service January 4, 2013. Peter Thomison, Allen Geyer and Rich Minyo Horticulture and Crop Science Ohio State University thomison.1@osu.edu. Ohio Corn Production Historical Yield Data, 1930-2012.

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2012 Corn Hybrid Performance & Technology Update Agronomy In-service January 4, 2013

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  1. 2012 Corn Hybrid Performance& Technology Update Agronomy In-service January 4, 2013 Peter Thomison, Allen Geyer and Rich Minyo Horticulture and Crop Science Ohio State University thomison.1@osu.edu

  2. Ohio Corn Production Historical Yield Data, 1930-2012 Yield increase about 1.5 bu/A/yr

  3. Iowa Corn Production Historical Yield Data, 1930-2012 Yield increase about 1.7 bu/A/yr

  4. Factors Contributing to Higher Corn Yields • Improved hybrid genetics • Better adapted/stress resistant • Improved pest resistance • Improved stalk quality • Improved cultural practices • Earlier planting dates • Higher plant density • More effective fertility practices • Improved machinery • Better pest management

  5. Selecting Hybrids for Performance & Profits Key factors to consider: • Maturity • Yield potential & stability • Stalk quality & standability • Drydown • Pest and herbicide resistance

  6. Ohio Corn Performance Test Sites for 2012

  7. Difference Between Highest and Lowest Yielding Hybrids in Bu/A. 2012 OSU Early Maturity Corn Trials 146 227 193 190 164 209 148 200 226 224 SC/WC/C NW NC/NE

  8. Difference Between Highest and Lowest Yielding Hybrids in $/A 2012 OSU Early Maturity Corn Trials SC/WC/C NW NC/NE * Calculated using corn price of $7.00/bu & drying charge of $0.03 for each percentage point above 15.5

  9. Difference Between Highest and Lowest Yielding Hybrids in Bu/A. 2012 OSU Full Season Corn Trials 218 236 195 240 210 161 207 230 178 151 SC/WC/C NW NC/NE

  10. Difference Between Highest and Lowest Yielding Hybrids in $/A 2012 OSU Full Season Corn Trials SC/WC/C NW NC/NE * Calculated using corn price of $7.00/bu & drying charge of $0.03 for each percentage point above 15.5

  11. Major Changes During the Past 15 Years Have Affected Hybrid Selection • Fewer companies and higher seed costs • Explosion of new seed technologies especially transgenic traits (GMO corn) • Seed has become a major part of pest management systems - replacing pesticide inputs and simplifying herbicide management

  12. Historical Ohio Corn Production State vs. OCPT Average Yield, 1972-2012

  13. Average U.S. corn yields and kinds of corn, Civil War to 2004. "b" values (regressions - bu/ac) indicate production gain per unit area per year (USDA-NASS, 2005) Source: Troyer, 2006. Crop Sci. 46:528-543

  14. Historical Ohio Corn Production State vs. OCPT Average Yield, 1972-2012 OCPT State

  15. Percent of Hybrids in OCPT for Multiple Years, 2001-2012 27% for 2 years 10% for 3 years

  16. Adoption of Transgenic Corn, U.S. vs. Ohio, 2000-2012

  17. Biotech Share of Ohio Corn Acres Planted Based on 2012 crop year 3,620,000 Total Corn Acres

  18. Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Entries in OCPT 1996-2012

  19. Hybrid Traits Tested in 2012 OCPT

  20. Technology Products Evaluated in 2012 OCPT 1 ECB – European con borer; RW – rootworm 2 RR – Roundup Ready; GT – glyphosate tolerant; LL – glufosinate tolerant

  21. How much does it cost for corn seed technologies?Where is the breakeven point? Cost ($/A) matrix of corn seed sold at a premium (i.e. technology fee)

  22. Non-GMO Hybrids Entered in State Corn Performance Tests, 2012 Source: 2012 State Performance Trials

  23. Yields of Transgenic vs. Non-Transgenic Corns OCPT Early Maturity Test 2012 207- 238 (8) 194- 248 (57) 182- 560 (57) 208- 246 (8) 203- 248 (8) 200- 251 (57) 178- 235 (67) 180- 213 (10) 172- 226 (57) 185- 210 (9) 156- 230 (57) 158- 209 (10) 152- 213 (67) 161- 220 (9) 148- 183 (67) 124- 162 (10) 132- 158 (9) 118- 172 (57) 91- 174 (57) 122- 167 (8) SC/WC NW NC/NE

  24. Yields of Transgenic vs. Non-Transgenic Corns OCPT Full Season Test 2012 209- 276 (58) 217- 264 (7) 188- 268 (58) 218- 240 (7) 209- 257 (7) 202- 256 (58) 177- 260 (68) 190- 231 (9) 189- 231 (39) 167- 229 (4) 175- 234 (68) 183- 231 (9) 165- 230 (39) 163- 217 (4) 152- 192 (68) 148- 180 (9) 124- 183 (58) 149- 177 (4) 142- 177 (7) 124- 176 (39) SC/WC NW NC/NE

  25. Comparison of Average Yields, 2012 OCPT Type (528) (530) (91) (34) (34) (143) (91) (120) (16) (34) (424) (231) (196) (9) (59) (206) (431) (1111) Number of comparisons in parentheses

  26. Grain Yield of Hybrids Grouped by Insect Resistance and Herbicide Tolerance Traits, 2012 OCPT † number after trait indicates the number of different events of that type

  27. Recent Developments • Drought tolerance technology • Pioneer AquaMax • Syngenta Artesian • Monsanto DroughtGard (transgenic) • New herbicide tolerance technology • 2,4-D resistant transgenic corn • More RIB stacked traits

  28. Historical Ohio Corn Production State vs. OCPT Average Yield, 1972-2012

  29. Final Stands, OCPT vs. State 1972-2012

  30. Average Lodging, Ohio Corn Performance Test, 1972-2011

  31. 2008 Stalk Lodging

  32. Corn for Grain: Plant Population per Acre, 2012 Source: NASS ( 2012)

  33. Distribution of Ohio Corn Populations, 2006 Source: NASS ( 2006)

  34. Distribution of Ohio Corn Populations 2012 Source: NASS ( 2011)

  35. Corn Plant Population Trends • Populations have increased 14% in past 10 yrs (54% since the early 1970’s) • Newer hybrids are more stable under stress • Superiority of modern hybrids is fully expressed only at high plant densities

  36. Agronomic Performance of Corn at Varying Seeding Rates • Are current seeding rate guidelines for corn appropriate? • How much variation in yield response to population exists across environments? • How will higher seeding rates impact stalk lodging and harvestability.

  37. Grain Yield Response to Plant Population for Corn Hybrids by Location Yield Level 210 >180 bu /acre 190 ( n=14,879) 170 150 - 180 bu /acre Grain Yield (Bu/acre) (n=9,420) 150 120 - 150 bu /acre 130 (n=3,294) 110 <120 bu /acre 90 (n=988) 18 24 30 36 42 Plants/acre (x1000) at Harvest Source: Seed Company 2009

  38. Population Effects on Yield Multiple Ohio Locations, 2006-2012

  39. Population Effects on Lodging Multiple Ohio Locations, 2006-2012

  40. Hybrid Response to Populations Favorable vs. Stress Conditions S. Charleston and Hoytville, OH 2010 S. Charleston (Favorable) Hoytville (Stress)

  41. Population Effects on Grain Yield at Three Ohio Locations, 2011 Wooster (5/10/11) Hoytville (6/3/11) S. Charleston (5/31/11)

  42. Population Effects on Grain Yield at Two Ohio Locations, 2012 S. Charleston (5/14/12) Hoytville (5/3/12)

  43. Yields at Different Populations and Yield Levels, OSU Population Studies, 2006-2012 ~33000 >190 Bu/A (68 comparisons) ~31000 140-189 Bu/A (47 comparisons) ~24000 <140 Bu/A (11 comparisons)

  44. Seeding Rate Considerations Adjust seeding rates for site yield level and planting dates. • 23-24,000 seeds/A - adequate for low yield droughty soils • 31-33,000 seeds/A - adequate for most environments • 36-37,000 seeds/A - necessary for very productive soils with exceptional yield levels

  45. Optimizing Corn Plant Populations • Current seeding rates too low in many production environments • Planting a hybrid at suboptimal seeding rates is usually more likely to cause yield losses than planting above recommended rates • High populations generally do not result in major yield losses even under stress

  46. THANK YOU Any questions or comments?

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