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Oral Radiology I

Oral Radiology I. Intro to Radiology DHYG 116. Objectives. Define key words associated with radiology Summarize the importance of dental radiographs List the uses of dental radiographs List the highlights in history of x-rays and dental radiographic techniques. Dental Radiography.

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Oral Radiology I

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  1. Oral Radiology I Intro to Radiology DHYG 116

  2. Objectives • Define key words associated with radiology • Summarize the importance of dental radiographs • List the uses of dental radiographs • List the highlights in history of x-rays and dental radiographic techniques

  3. Dental Radiography • Questions: • How and when were x-rays discovered? • Who were some of the pioneers of dental x-radiation? • What is the history of dental x-ray equipment and film?

  4. Basic Terminology • Radiation • X-radiation • X-ray • Radiology • Radiograph • Dental Radiograph

  5. Basic Terminology • Radiation • Energy carried by waves or streams of particles • X-radiation • High-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube • X-ray • A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on photographic film

  6. Basic Terminology • Radiology • The science or study of radiation as used in medicine; a branch of medical science that deals with the use of x-rays, radioactive substances, and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

  7. Basic Terminology • Radiograph • A picture (visible photographic record) on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body; also called x-ray film. In practice, often called an “x-ray”; this is not correct. X-ray (also x ray) is a term that refers to a beam of energy. • Dental radiograph • A photographic image produced on film by the passage of x-rays through teeth and related structures.

  8. Basic Terminology • Radiography • The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of film to x-rays. • Dental radiography • The production of radiographs of the teeth and adjacent structures by the exposure of film to x-rays. • Dental radiographer • Any person who positions, exposes, and processes x-ray film.

  9. Importance of Dental Radiographs • “In dentistry, radiographs enable the dental professional to identify many conditions that may otherwise go undetected and to see conditions that cannot be identified clinically. ” • Haring, pg. 3 • Detection of disease • Many diseases can only be detected through use of radiographs

  10. Uses of Dental Radiographs • Haring (p. 3) (Box 1-1) • Detect lesions • Confirm or classify suspected disease • Locate lesions or foreign objects • Provide information during dental procedures • Evaluate growth and development • Illustrate caries, periodontal disease, trauma • Document the condition of a patient

  11. Discovery of X-radiation • Roentgen and the Discovery of X-rays • Earlier Experimentation

  12. Roentgen and the Discovery of X-rays • Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen - 1895 • Roentgen was experimenting with vacuum tubes and fluorescent screens • He noticed the screens were glowing even though they were several feet from the tube. • He determined that some mysterious ray was causing the screens to glow.

  13. Earlier Experimentation • Heinrich Geissler - 1838 • Built the first vacuum tube • Johann Hittorf - 1870 • Used the vacuum tube to study fluorescence Hittorf-Crookes tube

  14. Earlier Experimentation • William Crookes - Late 1870s • Discovered that cathode rays were streams of charged particles • Philip Lenard - 1894 • Discovered that cathode rays could penetrate a thin window of aluminum foil

  15. Pioneers in Dental X-radiation • Otto Walkhoff - 1895 • Made the first dental radiograph • W.J. Morton - 1895 • Made the first radiograph using a skull • C. Edmund Kells - 1896 • Exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person

  16. Pioneers in Dental X-radiation • William H. Rollins • Developed the first dental x-ray unit • Frank VanWoert • First to use film in intraoral radiography • Howard Riley Raper • Established the first college course in radiography for dental students

  17. History of Dental X-ray Equipment • William Coolidge - 1913 • Developed the first hot cathode x-ray tube • Victor X-Ray Corporation - 1923 • Oil immersion of the tubehead • 1957 • Variable kVp machine • 1966 • Recessed long-beam tubehead

  18. History of Dental X-ray Film • 1896 to 1913 • Hand-wrapped glass photographic plates or film • Eastman Kodak - 1913 • Manufactured prewrapped intraoral film

  19. History of Dental Radiographic Techniques • Haring (p. 7) • C. Edmund Kells - 1896 • Introduced paralleling technique • Weston Price - 1904 • Bisecting technique • Howard Riley Raper - 1925 • Refined original bisecting technique and introduced the bite-wing technique

  20. History of Dental Radiographic Techniques • F. Gordon Fitzgerald – 1947 • Introduction of the long-cone paralleling technique • Hisatugu Numata – 1933 • First to expose a panoramic radiograph • Yrjo Paatero • Experimented with a slit beam of radiography, intensifying screens, and rotational techniques

  21. Summary • X-ray – a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record images on photographic film • Radiograph (film) – a photographic image produced when x-rays pass through an object

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