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Chapter 16 The Reproductive System

Chapter 16 The Reproductive System. Notice: This presentation contains actual pictures of human reproductive anatomy. Female Reproductive System. Ovaries Duct System - Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes) - Uterus - Vagina External genitalia. Ovarian Follicle Stages.

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Chapter 16 The Reproductive System

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  1. Chapter 16The Reproductive System Notice: This presentation contains actual pictures of human reproductive anatomy

  2. Female Reproductive System • Ovaries • Duct System - Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes) - Uterus - Vagina • External genitalia

  3. Ovarian Follicle Stages • Primary follicle –immature oocyte • Graafian (vesicular) follicle – growing follicle; maturing oocyte • Ovulation – follicle ruptures when egg is mature ~ every 28 days • Ruptured follicle transformed intocorpus luteum

  4. Support for Ovaries

  5. Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes • Receive oocyte • Site of fertilization • Attaches to uterus • Does not attach to ovary • Supported by broad ligament

  6. Uterine Tube Function • Fimbriae – finger-like projections at end; receive oocyte • Cilia inside uterine tube slowly move oocyte towards uterus (takes 3–4 days) • Fertilization occurs inside uterine tube

  7. Uterus • Between bladder and rectum • Hollow organ • Functions • Receives • Retains • Nourishes fertilized egg

  8. Support for the Uterus • Broad ligament – attached to pelvis • Round ligament – anchored interiorly • Uterosacral ligaments – anchored posteriorly

  9. Regions of the Uterus • Body – main portion • Fundus – area where uterine tubes enter • Cervix – narrow outlet that protrudes into the vagina Cat Fundus

  10. Walls of the Uterus • Endometrium - Inner layer - Allows for implantation of a fertilized egg - Sloughs off if no pregnancy occurs (menses) • Myometrium – middle layer of smooth muscle • Serous layer – outer visceral peritoneum

  11. Vagina • From cervix to exterior • Behind bladder; in front of rectum • Birth canal • Receives penis during intercourse • Hymen – partially closes the vagina until it is ruptured

  12. External Genitalia (Vulva) • Mons pubis - Fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis - Covered with pubic hair after puberty • Labia – skin folds - Labia majora - Labia minora

  13. External Genitalia Vestibule • Enclosed by labia majora • Contains opening of urethra and vestibular glands (produce mucus) Clitoris • erectile tissue • Corresponds to penis

  14. Oogenesis • Total supply of eggs are present at birth • Ability to release eggs ~ begins at puberty ~ ends at menopause • Oocytes - matured in developing ovarian follicles

  15. Oogenesis • Oogonia – female stem cells • Mitosis produces primary oocytes • Primary oocytes -surrounded by cells that form primary follicles • Oogonia no longer exist by birth

  16. Oogenesis • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes some follicles to mature • Meiosis starts inside maturing follicle • Produces secondary oocyte and first polar body • Meiosis is completed after ovulation only if sperm penetrates • Two additional polar bodies are produced

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