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Biology TAKS Mini Review

Biology TAKS Mini Review. Contents. Ecology Cells Genetics Evolution Classification Bacteria/Viruses Protist Fungi Plants Animals Humans. ECOLOGY. The producers: Autotrophs

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Biology TAKS Mini Review

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  1. Biology TAKSMini Review

  2. Contents Ecology Cells Genetics Evolution Classification Bacteria/Viruses Protist Fungi Plants Animals Humans

  3. ECOLOGY

  4. The producers: Autotrophs • An autotroph or producer is an organism that uses light (sun) energy or energy stored in chemical compounds to make energy rich compounds • Examples: grass, trees, green algae • Organisms depend on autotrophs for nutrients and energy

  5. The consumers: Heterotrophs • Heterotrophs - incapable of producing their own food. They obtain nutrients by eating other organisms. • Examples: humans, birds, dogs

  6. 1. Food Chain & Food Web Practice

  7. Complete African Grassland activity • www.gould.edu.au/foodwebs/africa.htm • Match the animal to the correct trophic level. • To check their answers use the above website.

  8. Direction of the arrows in a food chain/food web The organism at the tip of the arrow is receiving the energy (through eating). The arrow is going towards the organism that is eating. Description of the Collared Peccary This question is not on the student packet

  9. Look at each food web closely. B. Peccaries are omnivorous

  10. 2. Biological Pyramids – As you go up the food chain, the number of organisms, amount of energy and mass decrease

  11. For Example: The grass = 100% energy. Grasshopper = 10% energy of the grass. Frog = 10% energy of the grasshopper. As food chain goes to each level, the energy level decrease. 90% is given off through heat and activity. The 10% of energy is passed on.

  12. 3. Symbiosis – The relationship in which there is a close and permanent association between organisms of different species

  13. Play Symbiosis Matching game • Match each scenario with the type of symbiotic relationship

  14. B. Parasitism

  15. Sample Ecology TAKS Questions 1. A - Sunlight 2. D- Secondary Consumers 3. J. The direction of energy flow

  16. 4 5 D. Producers C. Decomposers

  17. Cells Animal Cell Plant Cell

  18. 1. Important Organelles • Nucleus – site of DNA, control center, contains blueprints for life • Mitochondria – ENERGY – “powerhouse” of the cell • Plasma Membrane (a.k.a. - cell membrane) – Outer protective layer that allows water and small molecules to move in and out of the cell. • Chloroplast – site of photosynthesis (autotrophs only)

  19. Cell Matching Activity • Match the name of the cell organelle to the picture. • Match the function to the cell part.

  20. Animal Cell Plant Cell round shape cell wall chloroplast nucleus cell membrane square shape mitochondria eukaryotic VS. Directions: Use the words on the left to fill in the Venn Diagram

  21. Animal Cell Round Shape Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Eukaryotic Plant Cell Cell Wall Chloroplast Nucleus Cell MEMBRANE Square Shape Mitochondria Eukaryotic

  22. Diffusion and Osmosis • 1. Diffusion – movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • 2. Osmosis – movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

  23. Sample Cell TAKS Questions • 1. When a sea urchin egg is removed from the ocean and placed in freshwater, the egg swells and bursts. Which of these causes water to enter the egg? a. coagulation b. sodium pump c. active transport d. osmosis D. OSMOSIS

  24. 2 3 J. DNA Contains the blue print for producing the whole organism B. Water balance is maintained in the blood.

  25. 4 5 D. The cells of the salt water fish would gain too much water B. Mitochondria

  26. 6 A. They have a large number of mitochondria.

  27. Genetics The sequence of DNA Bases gives you your traits. Replication Practice Bases: A – Adenine Base Pairs: A - T T – Thymine C - G C – Cytosine G - Guanine Replicate this strand of DNA: DNA strand - ATG GTC AAT GGC TTA What is the Replicated Strand? (complementary strand) - TAC CAG TTA CCG AAT

  28. Transcription - DNA code leaves the nucleus with the help from mRNA Bases: A – Adenine Base Pairs: A - U U – Uracil C - G C – Cytosine G - Guanine DNA strand - ATG GTC AAT GGC TTA mRNA strand - What is transcription? UAC CAG UUA CCG AAU

  29. Translation – The code from the nucleus has to be carried to the ribosome and translated into an amino acid. DNA strand - TAC GCC CTG TGG ATG mRNA strand - (transcription) Amino Acid - (use chart) AUG CGG GAC ACC Met Arg Asp Thr

  30. Students complete DNA/RNA Puzzle • Give them the middle square • Complete the components of the square where each side (term) matches with its corresponding characteristic. • The final product will be a 3X3 table.

  31. Codon Chart Activity • Match the DNA strands with the correct mRNA strands. (strand 1 does not necessarily match strand A – see key) • Match each protein strand with its correct mRNA/DNA strand.

  32. Karyotype – Used to show genetic mutations involving chromosome number.A normal karyotype is 23 pairs of chromosomes. Normal Karyotype

  33. Abnormal Karyotype – Can you find what Chromosome number the disorder involves? What disorder is this? 21 - Down Syndrome 23

  34. Sample Genetics TAKS Questions G. An unexpressed recessive trait. H. Between the four nitrogen base pairs.

  35. D G

  36. D A

  37. A

  38. Evolution – change in an organism over time due to its specific need for adaptation. • Adaptation –a structure, behavior, or internal process that allows an organisms to live and survive in its environment. • Camouflage – an adaptation that allows species to blend in with their surroundings

  39. Because of this animal’s adaptations, it would be most successful at a. competing with birds b. making it own food c. hiding from predators d. running very rapidly C.

  40. Taxonomy - Classification • Classification of living things • Placing organism in groups based on similar characteristics Levels of Classification BROAD Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus SPECIFIC Species KPCOFGS Good way to remember: King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti.

  41. Scientific Name • Made up of the genus and species name. Ex. Homosapien • First word is capitalized and second word is lower case • Both words are underlined or italicized

  42. Vertebrates –Backbone present • Fish-sharks, salmon, tuna • Amphibians-frogs, salamanders • Reptiles-Snake ,lizard • Birds-dove, robin • Mammals –have fur, dogs, cats, humans

  43. Kingdom Matching Activity • Match the kingdom card with the correct organism and characteristic.

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