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Anatomy for Sport and Exercise Blood

Anatomy for Sport and Exercise Blood. Learning Outcomes. By the end of this session you should be able to:- Identify the functions of blood Identify the components of blood and their specific functions. Blood. ‘River of Life’ Average adult has 4-5 litres of blood. Functions of blood.

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Anatomy for Sport and Exercise Blood

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  1. Anatomy for Sport and ExerciseBlood

  2. Learning Outcomes By the end of this session you should be able to:- • Identify the functions of blood • Identify the components of blood and their specific functions

  3. Blood • ‘River of Life’ • Average adult has 4-5 litres of blood

  4. Functions of blood • There are three main functions of blood: • Transportation – O2, CO2, Hormones • Regulation – Body temp, pH, volume • Protection – blood clotting, antibodies

  5. Constituents of Blood • Plasma • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets

  6. Composition of Blood • Plasma Proteins (7%) (55%) Other Solutes (1%) Water (92%) • Formed Elements Red blood cells (99.9%) (45%) White blood cells Platelets 1%

  7. Plasma (55% of whole blood) Leucocytes (white blood cells) and platelets (<1% of whole blood) Formed elements Erythrocytes - red blood cells (45% of whole blood) • Blood consists of formed elements (living cells) that are suspended in fluid called plasma • The diagram below illustrates what occurs when blood is spun in a centrifuge:

  8. Plasma • Straw coloured fluid • Makes up 55% of blood volume • Approx 90% of plasma is water • Contains dissolved substances: • Salts • Glucose and fatty acids • Blood proteins • Waste products • Enzymes and hormones • Gases

  9. Formed Elements • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets

  10. Red Blood Cells • RBC’s / Erythrocytes • Contain HAEMOGLOBIN – Oxygen carrier • Carry oxygen around the body • Biconcave discs just small enough to pass through a capillary • Produced in red bone marrow • Lifespan of 120 days • Millions in single drop of blood • The amount of RBC found in blood when it is spun is known as haematocrit

  11. White Blood Cells • WBC’s / Leukocytes • Larger than erythrocytes, but less in number • 5 different types: • Lymphocytes • Monocytes • Neutrophils • Basophils • Eosinophils

  12. White Blood Cells (cont) • All 5 types have basically same function – to protect the body from infection

  13. Platelets • Thrombocytes • Transport chemicals that are important in the clotting process • Form blood clots • Stick together at sites of cuts etc and encourage growth of fibres • Red cells become trapped in fibres to form a scab • Prevent blood loss and entry of bacteria

  14. Haemoglobin V Myoglobin • Myo = Muscles • Haemoglobin is the oxygen carrier in the blood • Myoglobin is similar to haemoglobin, but is found in the muscle, so again is an oxygen carrier

  15. Key Terms • Myo – Muscle - Myoglobin • Cyte – Cell - Leukocyte • Haem – Blood - Haemoglobin • Erythro – Red - Erythrocyte • Leuko – White - Leukocyte • Thromb – Clot - Thrombosis • An – Without – Anaemia • Haematrocrit – Separated RBC

  16. Learning Outcomes By the end of this session you should be able to:- • Identify the functions of blood • Identify the components of blood and their specific functions

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