C- Chapter 1

1. C- Chapter 1 All matter is made up of basic units and has predictable physical and chemical properties

2. A- Chapter 1- matter and its propertiesLesson 1- how can physical properties be used to identify matter?

3. What do apples, parrots, candy, people, computers, and the air you breathe have in common?

4. They are all made up of matter!!!!What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

5. Objects made of matter can be very different from each other.It just depends on its properties One property is its color. Another is its taste.

6. Color, hardness, and taste are examples of physical properties

7. An object’s ability to conduct heat, sound, or electricity or to become a magnet are also physical properties.

9. Color is easy. You just have to look other objects require you to measure to find length for example.

10. Mass and weight One physical property that can be measured is mass. An 18 wheel truck has more mass than a small car. We can measure this.

11. To measure matter, it is easy when looking at a big truck and a small car, but other times it is difficult. Foam is matter with little mass.

12. weight is often confused with mass.Weight is the measure of the pull of gravity on an object. Mass of an object is always the same, but weight is not. For example, look at the small car again. On earth it may way about 2,698 lbs., but on the moon, it may only weigh 450 lbs. This is because the force of gravity is 6 times greater on earth.

13. Because weight can vary, mass is a better measurement of the amount of matter in an object. Balance- Mass Scale- weight

14. Volumematter also takes up space. The amount of space it takes up is called volume

15. Graduated cylinder is one way to measure volume

16. Volume can also be measured through calculations

17. One way to measure solids with irregular shapes is to measure the water when the solid is present or not present.

18. Mass and volume are physical properties that an be measured. If you have measured the mass and the volume of an object, you can also calculate its density. Density is the concentration of matter in a certain volume. It can be caluculated by Density= mass / volume

20. Density is always the same for a pure substanceit can be used to identify If you had both of these, you can use density to identify

21. Mixtures- a combination of two or more different kinds of matter, each of which keep its own physical properties. If they keep its physical properties, you will still see the parts.

22. Now, if sugar is mixed with water, it’s not easy to tell what is in the mixture. The sugar seems to disappear. But if you taste it, it will be sweet. The sugar keeps its physical property. In this mixture the sugar dissolves into the water and becomes a solution

23. Mixtures Can be separated into the substances that make them up. The method used to separate depends on their physical properties.

24. solutions Sugar is soluble, because of its ability to be dissolved. Something like ground pepper is not soluble.

25. Sea water is a mixture of salts and water. The salts in sea water can be separated from the water by evaporation

26. Sand is a mixture of solids. You can still see the different solids after they are mixed together.

27. Rubbing alcohol is a mixture of water and alcohol, but solutions don’t always have to include liquids.

28. Metals could be a solution of solids = + Brass is a mixture of zinc and copper (melting)

29. Air is a mixture of several Gases

30. Now it’s time to read Chapter 1 Lesson 1Please be sure you understand all that you read.

31. All material that takes up space is called matterweight Is measured on a scale and mass is measured on a balancephysical properties include mass, weight, volume, density, and solubilitysugar is soluble in watera solution is a type of mixtureNotes

32. CHAPTER 1 LESSON 2

33. THREE STAGES OF MATTERWATER EXISTS AS A SOLID, A LIQUID, AND A GAS

34. Which state it is in depends on other conditions, such as temperature and pressure A solid has a definite shape and volume A gas does not have a definite shape or volume A liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape

35. Particles in a solid

36. Particles in a liquid

37. Particles in a gas

38. Here are the three

39. You may only be used to seeing matter in one state Nitrogen Aluminum But all substances can change matter

40. Liquid nitrogen is used to cool other materials to very low temperatures Liquid aluminum can be poured into molds to make other objects

41. When puddles freeze water is changing from a liquid to a solid When the sun comes out, it melts ice from a solid to a liquid

42. Boiling changes from a liquid to a gas. Even when water is not boiling some particles near the top may be moving fast enough to evaporate What is evaporation?

43. Condensation changes a substance from a gas to a liquid Water vapor in the air is cooled on the surface of the glass. It condenses, forming water drops.

44. Particles can also escape from the surface of a solid and become a gas. This is called sublimation. Without ever melting, dry ice forms a cold gas that looks like smoke.

45. Changes in a state, do not change a substance Water is still water.

46. Changes in state occur when heat is added or removed. When heat is added to a substance, the particles gain energy, move faster and farther apart

47. Farmers who grow oranges and grapefruits worry about the outdoor temperature If the water inside the fruit is frozen and then thaws, it could damage the fruit.

48. When Weather forecasters speak of freezing temperatures, they are talking about a temperature in which water freezes.

49. Melting and boiling points Different substances melt and boil at different temperatures. Often times, this is how they are identified.

50. Chapter 1 lesson 2 notesA liquid has a definite volume but no definite shapeA gas does not have a definite volume or a definite shapea solid has both definite volume and definite shapeWhen liquid turns to a gas this is condensation