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Compiler Construction

Compiler Construction. CS 606 Sohail Aslam Lecture 1. Course Organization. General course information Homework and project information. General Information. Work Distribution. Theory homeworks = 20% exams = 40% Practice build a compiler = 40%. Project. Implementation

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Compiler Construction

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  1. Compiler Construction CS 606 Sohail Aslam Lecture 1

  2. Course Organization • General course information • Homework and project information

  3. General Information

  4. Work Distribution • Theory • homeworks = 20% • exams = 40% • Practice • build a compiler = 40%

  5. Project Implementation • language: subset of java • Generated code: Intel x86 assembly • Implementation language: C++ • Six programming assignments

  6. Why Take this Course Reason #1: understand compilers and languages • understand the code structure • understand language semantics • understand relation between source code and generated machine code • become a better programmer

  7. Why Take this Course Reason #2: nice balance of theory and practice • Theory • mathematical models: regular expressions, automata, grammars, graphs • algorithms that use these models

  8. Why Take this Course Reason #2: nice balance of theory and practice • Practice • Apply theoretical notions to build a real compiler

  9. Why Take this Course Reason #3: programming experience • write a large program which manipulates complex data structures • learn more about C++ and Intel x86

  10. What are Compilers • Translate information from one representation to another • Usually information = program

  11. Examples • Typical Compilers: • VC, VC++, GCC, JavaC • FORTRAN, Pascal, VB(?) • Translators • Word to PDF • PDF to Postscript

  12. In This Course We will study typical compilation: • from programs written in high-level languages to low-level object code and machine code

  13. Typical Compilation High-level source code Compiler Low-level machine code

  14. Source Code int expr( int n ) { int d; d = 4*n*n*(n+1)*(n+1); return d; }

  15. Source Code • Optimized for human readability • Matches human notions of grammar • Uses named constructs such as variables and procedures

  16. .globl _expr _expr: pushl %ebp movl %esp,%ebp subl $24,%esp movl 8(%ebp),%eax movl %eax,%edx leal 0(,%edx,4),%eax movl %eax,%edx imull 8(%ebp),%edx movl 8(%ebp),%eax incl %eax imull %eax,%edx movl 8(%ebp),%eax incl %eax imull %eax,%edx movl %edx,-4(%ebp) movl -4(%ebp),%edx movl %edx,%eax jmp L2 .align 4 L2: leave ret Assembly Code

  17. Assembly Code Optimized for hardware • Consists of machine instructions • Uses registers and unnamed memory locations • Much harder to understand by humans

  18. How to Translate Correctness: the generated machine code must execute precisely the same computation as the source code

  19. How to Translate • Is there a unique translation? No! • Is there an algorithm for an “ideal translation”? No!

  20. How to Translate • Translation is a complex process • source language and generated code are very different • Need to structure the translation

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