Waste Management

1. Waste Management

2. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DFAR) Sri Lanka National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA) Sri Lanka United Nations University Fisheries Training Programme (UNU-FTP) Iceland Icelandic International Development Agency (ICEIDA) Iceland Waste management Quality and safety issues in fish handling ----- A course in quality and safety management in fishery harbours in Sri Lanka NARA, DFAR, ICEIDA and UNU-FTP

3. Content • Typical waste types • Waste streams • Pollutants and contaminants • Waste minimization and treatment • Pest control

4. Learning objectives After this lecture the participants will be familiar with: • typical waste streams and their origin • waste management in general and some specific suggestions for the harbours • how to implement effective pest control

5. Typical waste types at harbour • Fish offal and blood water Video fish offal on floor and fishwaste Video pumping from hold

6. Diesel, kerosene burning oil and oil spill Video waste oil and fish Oil & Grease Oil spill - general images

7. Toxic solid waste Open dump asbestos • Non toxic solid waste Polythene, Regiform particles, Nets, water , bottles, used cans, food packing item, food particles..

8. Sewage is produced by human activities at the harbour and boats which typically contains washing water, laundry waste, faeces, urine and other liquid or semi-liquid wastes. It is one form of wastewater. Dredging spoils Sewage and grey waste

9. Typical waste streams

10. Microbiological Chemical Oil pollution Pollutants and contaminants

11. Microbiological contaminants • Coliform bacteria • Feacal coliforms • E.coli • Salmonella

12. Microbiological quality of water measured by NARA in Beruwala harbour basin

13. Chemical pollutants Heavy metals Pesticide residues Residues of cleaning and disinfectant agents

14. Waste minimization process and treatment • Waste reduction • - Proper handling of fish • Re-use • - Burn oil (engine oil) used for other purpose • Recycling • - Plastic bags and paper used for recycling

15. Waste Collection - Waste Containers Outer container with cover Metal \ Plastic Container with lid Metal barrel

16. Burn oil barrels

17. Oily waste and oil spills • Oil pollution occurs in harbour basins when • leaks from shore facilities for the supply of diesel fuel to fishing vessels find their way into the harbour water • when vessels pump out oily bilge water in port • when used engine oil is dumped overboard • when an accident results in leakage of fuel oil.

18. Oily waste and oil spills, cont. • To mitigate oil pollution, the fishery harbour manager should take necessary action to: • Provide shore-based reception facilities for oily wastes (bilge water and spent oil) from vessels and • Minimise leaks while bunkering

19. Waste disposal Dumping outside the harbour basin Video – waste management Collection by the municipal council

20. Fish offal ( by fishmeal or fish silage) Solid fish waste is inevitable in a fishery harbour. This may consist of : • discarded by catch (small fish of no commercial value) • viscera from the gutting of medium to large fish • fish heads and trimmings from the cutting of large fish. Besides the health implications of this material decomposing within the harbour area, it also attracts pests, flies and domestic animals.

21. Fishmeal Is a valuable source of protein for livestock and contains useful quantities of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. Raw material for fish meal production: • should be reasonably fresh as spoilt fish may reduce the nutritional value of the fish meal • certain tropical fish (like puffer fish) contain toxins and should be excluded • must not be collected off the ground (free of sand and mud)

22. Fish silage As an alternative use of fish waste and offal, fish silage for animal feed is another possibility. Main advantage : • low energy and capital cost. Energy is required only to grind the fish and mix it with formic acid (2 - 3 %) • manufacture is not accompanied by an unpleasant odour

23. Good drainage system for waste water Natural purification: Sedimentation Filtration Purification before release Septic tanks Waste water treatment

24. So many dogs and crows are on the piers and in the auction halls There is food for pests (Fish offal on the floor) No fence around the harbour premises No pest control system Video – dog in auction hall Video – crows Video – Fish offal on floor Pest control – current

25. Pest control – improvement • All food (fish waste) should be put in waste bins and not on the floor • Fences around the harbour premises must be properly maintained • A pest control program should be in effect and properly implemented

26. Pest control program • Pests such as rats, mice, birds, insects, dogs and cats, should be kept off the harbour premises at all times. • All insecticides and fumigants should be used: - In accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and government regulations -In a manner that does not risk contamination of product

27. References • Report of the expert consultation on cleaner fishery harbours and fish quality assurance (2000), Bay Of Bengal Programme (BOBP), Chennai, India. • R. Ravikumar, (1993). Guidelines for Cleaner Fishery Harbours, Bay Of Bengal Programme (BOBP), India.