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Materials and their properties

Materials and their properties. Tensile strength Compressive strength Torsional strength Electrical conductivity Thermal conductivity Specific gravity Coefficient of thermal expansion Stiffness Malleability Ductility Color. Chemical reactivity Toughness Brittleness Hardness

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Materials and their properties

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  1. Materials and their properties Tensile strength Compressive strength Torsional strength Electrical conductivity Thermal conductivity Specific gravity Coefficient of thermal expansion Stiffness Malleability Ductility Color Chemical reactivity Toughness Brittleness Hardness Elasticity Boiling Point Flash point Freezing point

  2. Strength of materials Tensile strength Torsional strength Compressive strength bending/buckling crushing

  3. Rough classification of materials: Solid (elastic) Stress ~ Strain Fluid (gases and liquids) Stress~strain rate Plastic

  4. Some lingo. . . Stress σ: Force/area units: Pascals (M L T-1) Strain ε: Deformation/length units: none We can learn a lot about a solid material by elongating it and measuring the resulting stress in the material. This is called tensile testing.

  5. Instron tensile tester

  6. Tensile tester for biological materials

  7. (σ) (ε) Stress/strain curve for a metal a to b: Linear elastic region. Slope is Young’s modulus--stiffness. c: Yield strength (0.2% permanent deformation) d: Point within plastic region. Dotted line indicates that material does not return to its initial length at zero stress. e: Point of fracture, i.e., failure.

  8. Usual materials Solids: Linear, elastic (i.e. σ = k ε) Fluids: stress~ strain rate Weird materials: Spandex Silly putty Latex paint Butter, ice cream “Smart” materials

  9. Tensile strengths of some everyday materials Material Tensile strength (N/M2) Density(kg/m3) Steel 400 7800 Piano wire 3000 7800 Aluminum 100 2700 Kevlar 3600 1440 Carbon fiber 5650 1750 Concrete 4 2000 Wood 100 700

  10. Tomorrow. . . Materials and Structures (ppt) Measuring Euler buckling load

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