Tooth Decay (Definition, Causes, Prevention and Obesity relation)

1. Movement for ChangeOCDCParents EducationLiliana L WillDentistFamily and Health Services Specialist

2. Tooth Decay (Definition, Causes, Prevention and Obesity relation)

3. Introduction Dental caries is the most common disease in childhood than flu. Tooth decay can affect anyone and it is the first most important cause of tooth loss in children. There is a relationship between dental decay and obesity, children who consume a lot of sugar not only increase the risk of developing tooth decay but also to suffer a high risk of obesity. Dental caries and obesity can cause health, emotional and social problems .

4. Definition 1. Healthy teeth The tooth has two parts: • Crown is the part we can see • Root located below the gum line Four tissues: • Enamel protects the tooth • Dentin supports the enamel and contains some of the nerves • Pulp is the center of the tooth. It contains blood and nerves • Cementum covers most of the root on the tooth

5. Teeth importance • Important to the overall health of the child. • Help your child to chew food, make sounds and words to speak and smile. • Keep the space in the jaws for permanent teeth (adult) • Guide how your child's face will grow.

6. Teeth Eruption

7. Tooth Decay

8. Definition Dental caries is a hole on a tooth. It is made over time. It can get larger and deeper causing a lot of pain for your child.

9. Statistics • Dental caries is the most common disease in childhood • It occurs five times more often than asthma • #1 health care need among Head Start childrenCaries in Children: 2-5 years 28%                            3 years 30% -40% 4 years 50% -60%

10. Tooth decay development Dental caries is initiated by sugars and leftover food on the teeth (bread, potatoes, rice, pasta etc), forming a sticky film called plaque, in which the bacteria lives. 5 minutes after eating or drinking, the bacteria begin to produce acids as they digest food causing tooth decay

12. Baby bottle tooth decay • The caries in infants and young children is called baby bottle tooth decay. It can destroy teeth usually in the upper front teeth. • The decay happens when the baby gets sweetened liquids and those stay in the mouth for a long time. Some sweet liquids including milk, formula and fruit can cause cavities. • Allowing your child to fall asleep with a bottle during naps or at night can cause teeth damage.

13. 3. Baby bottle tooth decay bottle of formula, milk, juice, soft drinks, sugar water, sugared drinks or pacifier soaked in honey Sugars in the liquid change to acid by germs in the mouth Acid starts to dissolve the teeth enamel Tooth Decay

14. Gingivitis It is the inflammation that destroys the gum tissues that are around the tooth. Gingivitis is due to deposits of plaque for long periods of time producing a hard deposit called tartar that attacks and inflames the gum. Gingivitis is produced by: General illness Poor dental hygiene Pregnancy Uncontrolled diabetes

15. Symptoms • Tooth pain especially after consuming sweet foods or hot and cold drinks • Visible gaps or holes on the teeth • Coffee stains on the surfaces of the teeth • Inflammation and infection

16. Causes • Certain foods and liquids that stick to the teeth for a long time (milk, ice cream, honey, soda, raisins, dried fruits, cakes, cereal and chips) can cause cavities • Drink and eat often: If your child eats and drinks often the acid has more time to attack and destroy the teeth • Do not brush the teeth: If you do not clean your child’s teeth after eating or drinking liquids the plaque can multiply and destroys the teeth

17. Health Problems Teeth decay may cause: • Poor eating habits, which may cause weight gain • Speech problems or poor smile, which may cause low self-esteem and social problems • Slowed growth due to poor diet • Pain of teeth and gums

18. How to clean the gums and to prevent baby bottle tooth decay? • Begin brushing your baby’s teeth even before the teeth have emerged. Wipe your baby's gums with a soft wet washcloth after feeding your baby. • Never let your child fall asleep with a bottle of milk, formula, fruit juice or sweetened liquids. • Never give your child a pacifier soaked in a sweet liquid. • Never give your child a bottle with sugary liquids such as water or sodas. • Bring your baby to the dentist before The baby’s first birthday.

19. How to take care of my child's teeth when her/his first tooth appears? • When teeth appear, start using a child's toothbrush with soft bristles at least twice a day, preferably after breakfast and before bedtime. • Place the brush at 45 degrees. Start brushing the upper teeth by movement from top to bottom, continue on the back of the teeth. On top of the molars make circular movements. • Proceed to the bottom teeth doing movements from the bottom up, continue on the back of the teeth and then make a circular motion on the molars.

20. Floss • Use floss daily to maintain healthy gums and teeth free of plaque and food particles • Find the best time to floss your baby, possibly at night before going to bed • Take 18 inches of floss on the middle fingers and then use your index finger and thumb to guide the floss between teeth. Gently slide the floss taking care not to mistreat the gum

21. 3. Fluoride varnish applications Fluoride varnish helps to prevent cavities and stop cavities that have already started. Fluoride varnish can be used on babies from the time they have their first teeth. Pre application instructions: • The child can not have something to eat and drink before going to a dentist to receive a fluoride application • A child’s teeth may become discolored temporarily as fluoride varnish has a yellow touch. The teeth will not be white and shiny until the next day Post application instructions: • The child should eat a soft diet for the rest of the day • Don’t brush or floss the child’s teeth until the next morning • In the morning brush and floss child’s teeth as usual

22. Position the child: • Infant: the child will be placed on the parent's lap with the child's head on the parent's knees and the child's legs around the parent's waist or the infant also can be placed on an exam table and work from behind the head • Young child: will have a prone or sitting position

23. Obesity

24. Definition Childhood obesity is a disease that affects children of all ages. It occurs when the weight exceeds the normal levels for age and height.

25. Statistics Obesity 1994 to 2001 • Pre-school children aged 2-5 years Obesity since early 1980s • Overweight adolescents • Overweight children aged 6-11 years 42% Triple Doble

26. Causes • Parents influence the kids: Kids whose parents are obese have a higher risk of becoming obese or overweight. • Foods rich in fats: fats elevate cholesterol, increase the weight and cause many diseases • Salt: Many processed foods such as potato chips, crackers and frozen foods have too much salt. Salt affects the heart. • Sugar: candy, cookies and cakes have a large amount of sugar. They cause weight gain and dental decay

27. Soda: • Practically nonexistent nutritional value • High in sugar and calories • May cause drinkers to gain weight without receiving nutrients • Soda contains caffeine, shown to interfere with brain development in children • Causes tooth decay: the acid in soda has been shown to destroy tooth enamel causing dental cavities Food insecurity: For many parents, the lack of money can contribute to obesity Families try to maximize caloric intake for each dollar spent, which can lead to over consumption of calories and a less healthy diet Inactivity: Sedentary kids are more likely to gain weight. They don't burn calories through physical activity

28. Health problems related to food • Diabetes • Periodontal disease • Suppression of the immune system • Depression • A high triglyceride count • Drowsiness and decreased activity in children • Hypoglycemia • Weakened defense against bacterial infection • Kidney damage • Coronary heart disease • Raised adrenaline levels in children • Increased total cholesterol • Food allergies

29. Healthy food –Healthy teeth • A healthy diet is one that provides all the nutrients your child needs to grow and develop strong teeth and healthy gums (fruits, vegetables, breads, cereals, milk and milk products, meat, fish and eggs) • A diet high in sugar puts a child at a high risk of developing tooth decay and suffering obesity. • Avoid sweet, sticky foods and snacks between meals. • The saliva in the mouth can clean teeth, but needs time to act. Children who continually eat snacks during the day never give the saliva a chance to rinse his/her teeth.

30. Children snacks (Tips) Offer many options, such as yogurt, celery or carrots, whole grain toast or crackers, apples or oranges

31. If your children need to snack on the go, think beyond a bag of potato chips, offer string cheese, yogurt sticks, cereal bars Whole-grain snacks such as whole-grain pretzels or tortillas

32. Offer something new, such as fresh pineapple, cranberries, red or yellow peppers, or roasted soy nuts. Slice a whole-wheat pita and serve with hummus Serve baby carrots or other raw veggies with fat-free ranch dressing Dip graham cracker sticks or fresh fruit in fat-free yogurt Top celery, apples or bananas with peanut butter

33. Use skim milk, fat-free yogurt and fresh fruit to make your own smoothies • Leave fresh fruit in a bowl on the counter

34. Physical activity Inactive children are likely to become inactive adults Physical activity helps: • Control weight • Reduce blood pressure • Raise HDL ("good") cholesterol • Reduce the risk of diabetes and cancer • Improve psychological well-being, including gaining more self-confidence and higher self-esteem 

35. Tips • Brush your child teeth once or twice a day, preferable after breakfast and before bed time. • Use dental floss at least once a day before taking your child to bed. • Avoid chewy and sticky food with sugar content, these are difficult to be cleaned by saliva and they help to grow the plaque. • Reduce consumption of sugar and fat in the foods you offer your child. Eat foods high in whole grains, vegetables, fruits and dairy products. • Take your child to the dentist for a check up and to apply fluoride to protect against cavities. • Join and help your child in physical activity to prevent obesity and to set a good example of an active lifestyle

36. Activities such as playing video and computer games should be limited • Play activities, such as playing hide-and-seek, tag or jump-rope, are great for burning calories and improving fitness • Find activities your child likes to do such as hike, climb, walk or bike • Parents can let their child choose the activity of the day or week

37. Care during pregnancy • Keep your diet healthy, this will help your baby be born healthy • Remember that your baby's teeth begin to form below the gums after 2 months of pregnancy • Gingivitis is a problem that arises in pregnancy • Brush and floss your teeth • Visit your dentist if you have any dental problem • Do not smoke or drink alcohol

38. Conclusion Two significant health issues that affect young children: Close relationship Junk Food Poor diet negatively affects weight and teeth Increase risk of developing obesity and decay Thinking about diet, avoiding some foods, exercising and caring for teeth Obesity Dental decay

39. Questions

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