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Ebola

Dan- Thanh Nguyen Biology 402 March 20, 2012. Ebola. EBOV is a viral hemorrhagic fever with an incubation period of 2-21 days. Symptoms: Fever Sore throat Weakness Headache Muscle aches Diarrhea Vomiting Severe hemorrhaging. Ebola has a high case fatality ratio of 25-90%.

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Ebola

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  1. Dan-Thanh Nguyen Biology 402 March 20, 2012 Ebola

  2. EBOV is a viral hemorrhagic fever with an incubation period of 2-21 days Symptoms: • Fever • Sore throat • Weakness • Headache • Muscle aches • Diarrhea • Vomiting • Severe hemorrhaging

  3. Ebola has a high case fatality ratio of 25-90% http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Ebola

  4. Transmission occurs with close personal contact with infected individuals

  5. Ebola has nonhuman hosts http://www.reviews-technology.com/2010_08_24_archive.html

  6. Candidate reservoir hosts are mammals of small body size, and asymptomatic http://www.mnzoo.org/faces/fruit-bat/

  7. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/Global_EbolaOutbreakRisk_20090510.pnghttp://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/Global_EbolaOutbreakRisk_20090510.png

  8. Ebola is in the family of filoviruses and a cousin of the Marburg Virus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277274/?tool=pmcentrez

  9. Ebola virus is subdivided into five different species based on where they were discovered • Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo) • Sudan • Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) • Reston • Bundibugyo

  10. Ebola is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/23.html

  11. Ebola virus has a negative strand RNA genome Nucleoprotein Virion protein 40 Virion protein 30 polymerase Virion protein 35 Virion protein 24 Glycoprotein Soluble glycoprotein http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/23.html

  12. During replication, full-length positive-sense copies of the genome are synthesized http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277274/?tool=pmcentrez

  13. Filoviruses have broad tissue tropism but have preferred target cells • Hepatocytes • Endothelial cells • Dendritic cells • Monocytes • Macrophages

  14. EBOV accelerates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines http://www.nature.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/nri/journal/v3/n8/full/nri1154.html#f3

  15. http://www.nature.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/nri/journal/v7/n7/full/nri2098.htmlhttp://www.nature.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/nri/journal/v7/n7/full/nri2098.html

  16. Hemorrhaging is related to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and increase in tissue factor in macrophages http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/188/11/1618.full

  17. There is currently no definitive vaccine for Ebola virus. http://buquad.com/2011/10/17/bu-biolab/ http://www.nationalpost.com/related/topics/Canadian+scientists+develop+Ebola+treatment/3083100/story.html

  18. Resources • Dolnik, O.; L. Kolesnikova, and S. Becker. “Filoviruses: Interactions with the host cell.” Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Vol 65. 756-776. 2008. http://www.springerlink.com/content/fk38279221156248/ • “Ebola haemorrhagic fever.” World Health Organization. Dec 2011. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/ • “Ebola virus disease.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease • Feldmann, Heinz; Steven Jones, Hans-Dieter Klenk; and Hans-Joachim Schnittler. “Ebola virus: from discovery to vaccine.” Nature Reviews Immunology. Vol 3. 677-685 (August 2003). http://www.nature.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/nri/journal/v3/n8/full/nri1154.html#f3 • Geisbert, Thomas et al. “Mechanisms Underlying Coagulation Abnormalities in Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Overexpression of Tissue Factor in Primate Monocytes/Macrophages is a Key Event.” Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol 188. 1618-1629. 2003. http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/188/11/1618.full.pdf+html • Mohamadzadeh, Mansour; Leiping Chen; and Alan L. Schmaljohn. “How Ebola and Marburg viruses battle the immune system.” Nature Reviews Immunology. Vol 7. 556-567 (July 2007). http://www.nature.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/nri/journal/v7/n7/full/nri2098.html • Takada, Ayato. “Filovirus Tropism: Cellular Molecules for Viral Entry.” Frontiers in Microbiology. 06 February 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277274/pdf/fmicb-03-00034.pdf

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