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Transcription. RNA carries DNA’s instructions. . The central dogma states that information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins. . replication. transcription. The central dogma includes three processes. Replication Transcription Translation. translation.

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  1. Transcription

  2. RNA carries DNA’s instructions. • The central dogma states that information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins. replication transcription • The central dogma includes three processes. • Replication • Transcription • Translation translation • RNA is a link between DNA and proteins.

  3. Ribonucleic Acid • Single nucleotide strand • Sugar: Ribose • 4 Bases: • A: Adenine • G: Guanine • C: Cytosine • U: Uracil • U replaces T • Three Types of RNA

  4. Messenger RNA • mRNA • Function: Reads the DNA (ATCG) and carries its message to a ribosome • Location: Starts in nucleus… moves to ribosome U A C C A U G G U A

  5. Transfer RNA • tRNA • Function: Transfer amino acids found in the cytoplasm to the ribosome • ATP needed • Amino acids will be used to make a protein • Location: Cytoplasm

  6. Ribosomal RNA • rRNA • Function: Used to build ribosomes • Location: Cytoplasm • Ribosome: Makes proteins

  7. Defined: Process of making mRNA from DNA Step 1: RNA Polymerase separates the DNA nucleotides Step 2: Free floating RNA nucleotides match with the DNA Reminder: U replaces T Step 3: mRNA breaks free in separate pieces Step 4: mRNA processing takes place Unused portions (introns) are removed and the used portions (exons) bond together Step 5: Final mRNA strand travels to ribosome Step 6: DNA recombines to be used again U Transcription G G C A A G U C A U U C

  8. Transcription Animation flash animation

  9. Step 2: Free floating mRNA nucleotides match up Step 1: RNA polymerase splits the DNA Step 5: mRNA travels to ribosome and DNA reconnects Step 3: mRNA breaks free Step 4: Remaining exons bond together RNA polymerase The End!

  10. Double Stranded Sugar: Deoxyribose Bases: A T C G Location: Nucleus DNA vs. RNA • Single strand • Sugar: Ribose • Bases: A U C G • Location: Nucleus & Cytoplasm Replicationvs. Transcription • Complex enzymes are used • Base pairing rules guide replication • A=T, G=C • Copies DNA • Only one copy of DNA is made • Location: Nucleus • Complex enzymes are used • Base pairing rules guide replication • A=U, G=C • Copies a gene • Many copies and types of RNA are made • Location: Nucleus

  11. REview • Name three different ways that DNA and RNA differ. • Which RNA: • is found inside the nucleus? • transports amino acids to the ribosome? • exits the nucleus to the ribosome? • copies the DNA code? • makes up the structure of ribosomes? • Perform transcription by using the following piece of DNA. Introns are underlined. Write the final strand of mRNA created. T A C C G T A C A A T G GG A T C

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