1 / 43

The Road to World War I

The Road to World War I. Great Britain. France. Russia. Germany. Austria-Hungary. Causes of World War I. I. Militarism & Arms Race.

mieko
Download Presentation

The Road to World War I

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The RoadtoWorld War I

  2. Great Britain

  3. France

  4. Russia

  5. Germany

  6. Austria-Hungary

  7. Causes ofWorld War I

  8. I. Militarism & Arms Race In all of the Great powers, military spending increased greatly in the years prior to the war. All except Britain had conscription (draft). France had the highest proportion of its population in the army.

  9. New Military Technology Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers in millions of dollars.

  10. The Airplane

  11. Tank U-Boats

  12. Colonial rivalry had led to a naval arms race between Britain and Germany. This had seriously worsened relations between both countries. The launch of HMS Dreadnought in 1906 made matters worse. This ship was fast, heavily armoured with powerful guns and it made all previous battleships obsolete. The Dreadnaught

  13. The Zeppelin

  14. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

  15. PoisonGas Machine Gun

  16. German Military Planning: • Germany was convinced that war with the Triple Entente was inevitable. • It devised the Schlieffen Plan. • The Schlieffen Plan was a strategy for a two front-war that called for a military thrust westward toward Paris, France at the first sign of Russian mobilization in the east. The hope was to knock the French out of the war before the Russians could attack.

  17. The Schlieffen Plan

  18. II. The Alliance System Triple Entente (1907): TripleAlliance (1882):

  19. Tensions & Conflicts: 1873-1914 • Three Emperors’ League (1873)  Ger, A-H, Rus. • Dual Alliance (1879)  Ger. & A-H • Triple Alliance(1882) Ger, A-H, It. • Reinsurance Treaty (1887)  restore relations between Ger. & Rus. • Franco-Russian Alliance (1894) • British-Japanese Alliance (1902) • The Entente Cordiale (1904)  Br. & Fr.

  20. Tensions & Conflicts: 1873-1914 First Moroccan Crisis (1905) Fr vs. Ger Russo-Japanese War (1905) The Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)  Persia Triple Entente(1907)  Br, Fr, Rus Ottoman government overthrown by Young Turks The Bosnian Crisis of 1908 A-H vs. Serbia Second Moroccan Crisis (1911) Fr vs. Ger

  21. Europe in 1914

  22. Tensions & Conflicts: 1873-1914 The First Balkan War (1912) Montenegro declares war on Turkey (Ottoman Empire),Albania declares independence, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece attack Albania.At peace conference, Albania was given independence,Serbia, Montenegro, Greece were given land that Bulgaria took during the war. The Second Balkan War (1913)Bulgaria attempts to take land backDefeated by Serbia, Greece, and Romania

  23. The Balkan Wars: 1912-1913

  24. Changing Alliances in WWI Allied Powers (1914): Central Powers (1914): (1915):

  25. III. Aggressive Nationalism

  26. The Anglo-German Rivalry:the unification of Germany and its rise as an industrial, military, and imperial power generated a heated rivalry with Great Britain

  27. Ethnic diversity in Austria-Hungary

  28. The Balkans in 1914 “The Powder Keg of Europe”

  29. IV. Imperialism &Economic Rivalries

  30. ColonialRivalries:Africain1914

  31. Colonial Rivalries: Asia in 1914

  32. V.The Assassination: Sarajevo, June 28, 1914Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne in Sarajevo, and his wife Sophie. He was shot by a Serb nationalist, Gavrilo Princip.

  33. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

  34. The Cause of World War I ilitarism lliances ationalism mperialism ssassination • M • A • N • I • A

  35. WWI begins. Who's to Blame?

  36. MAIN EVENTS OF THE “JULY CRISIS” • 28 June Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne in Sarajevo. He was shot by a Serb nationalist, Gavrilo Princip. The Austrians saw the murder as a perfect pretext to crush Serbia. • 5 July Kaiser William II assured Austria of Germany's support in whatever measures she took against Serbia, the so-called "Blank Cheque". • 23 July Austria presented Serbia with an ultimatum and she was given 48 hours to reply. The Serbs agreed to all of the Austrian demands bar one. • 28 July Austria rejected the Serbian reply and declared war. The Russians ordered a partial mobilisation of their troops against Austria in defence of Serbia. • 29 July The Austrians shelled Belgrade. • 30 July Russia ordered general mobilisation. Crisis escalated. • 31 July The Germans presented an ultimatum to Russia to halt her mobilisation within 12 hours. She also presented one to France in which she was asked to promise to stay neutral. France ignored this and the Schlieffen plan now came into operation. This involved a concentration of German forces on an attack on France. • 1 August Germany declared war on Russia. France mobilises. • 2 August Germany demanded from the Belgians the right to send troops through their country. The Belgians refused. • 3 August Germany declared war on France and its troops entered Belgium. The British sent an ultimatum to the Germans. • 4 August Britain declared war on Germany. • WORLD WAR I HAD BEGUN.

  37. Austria-Hungary, unsatisfied with Serbia's response to her ultimatum declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914. Russia, bound by treaty to Serbia, announced mobilization of its vast army in her defense, a slow process that would take around six weeks to complete. Germany,allied to Austria-Hungary by treaty, viewed the Russian mobilization as an act of war against Austria-Hungary, and after scant warning declared war on Russia on 1 August.

  38. France, bound by treaty to Russia, found itself at war against Germany and, by extension, on Austria-Hungary following a German declaration on August 3.Germany was swift ininvading neutral Belgium so as to reach Paris by the shortest possible route. Britain, allied to France by a more loosely worded treaty which placed a "moral obligation" upon her to defend France, declared war against Germany on August 4.  Her reason for entering the conflict lay in another direction: she was obligated to defend neutral Belgium by the terms of a 75 year old treaty. With Germany's invasion of Belgium on August 4, and the Belgian King's appeal to Britain for assistance, Britain committed herself to Belgium’s defense later that day.  Like France, she was by extension also at war with Austria-Hungary. 

  39. With Britain's entry into the war, her colonies and dominions abroad variously offered military and financial assistance, and included Australia, Canada, India, New Zealandand the Union of South Africa. Japan, honouring a military agreement with Britain, declared war on Germanyon August 23, 1914.  Two days later Austria-Hungary responded by declaring war on Japan. Italy, although allied to both Germany and Austria-Hungary, was able to avoid entering the war by citing a clause enabling it to evade its obligations to both.In short, Italy was committed to defend Germany and Austria-Hungary only in the event of a 'defensive' war; arguing that their actions were 'offensive' she declared instead a policy of neutrality.  The following year, in May 1915, Italy finally joined the war by siding with the Allies against her two former allies.

  40. United StatesPresident Woodrow Wilson declared a U.S. policy of absolute neutrality, an official stance that would last until 1917 when Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare - which seriously threatened America's commercial shipping (which was in any event almost entirely directed towards the Allies led by Britain and France) - forced the U.S. to finally enter the war on April 6, 1917.

More Related